CHILDREN (Latest 2026 Update) |
Complete Guide with Questions and
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• Holding a soft rattle -✓✓3-6 months
• Watching black-and-white mobiles -✓✓birth to 3 months
• Playing peek-a-boo -✓✓6-9 months
• Drawing, painting, riding a tricycle -✓✓preschooler
• Team sports -✓✓school age children
• Banging large block -✓✓9-12 months
• Loud, harsh murmur that is not usually audible until pulmonary
pressures drop at about 4 to 8 weeks of age; Heart failure; Failure to
thrive; Small, possibly asymptomatic defects. -✓✓Ventricular septal
defect (VSD)
, • Systolic ejection murmur; Right ventricular enlargement; Exercise
intolerance; Cyanosis with severe narrowing. -✓✓pulmonary stenosis
• Murmur; Cyanosis, severe dyspnea, clubbing of the fingers,
hypercyanotic spells, and acidosis; Polycythemia, clot formation;
Frequently sits in a squatting position (decreases venous return); Failure
to thrive and growth retardation. -✓✓tetralogy of fallot
• Increased blood pressure and oxygen saturation in the upper
extremities compared to the lower extremities; Nosebleeds; Headaches,
vertigo, leg pain, weak or absent lower extremity pulses (indicate
decreased cardiac output). -✓✓coarctation of the aorta
• Loud, harsh murmur; Mild heart failure; Possible enlarged right
atrium; Increased oxygen saturations in the right atrium; Asymptomatic
(possibly). -✓✓atrial septal defects (ASD)
• Murmur (machine-hum); Wide pulse pressure; Bounding pulses;
Asymptomatic (possibly). -✓✓patent ductus
• Industry vs Inferiority -✓✓toddler 1-3 years
• Initiative vs. Guilt -✓✓preschooler 3-6 years
• Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt -✓✓toddler 1-3 years