,
,Anatomy and Physiology
2e
SENIOR CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
J. GORDON BETTS, TYLER JUNIOR COLLEGE
PETER DESAIX, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL
EDDIE JOHNSON, CENTRAL OREGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE
JODY E. JOHNSON, ARAPAHOE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
OKSANA KOROL, AIMS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
DEAN KRUSE, PORTLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE
BRANDON POE, SPRINGFIELD TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE
JAMES A. WISE, HAMPTON UNIVERSITY
MARK WOMBLE, YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY
KELLY A. YOUNG, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH
, OpenStax
Rice University
6100 Main Street MS-375
Houston, Texas 77005
To learn more about OpenStax, visit https://openstax.org.
Individual print copies and bulk orders can be purchased through our website.
©2022 Rice University. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Under this license, any user of this textbook or the textbook
contents herein must provide proper attribution as follows:
- If you redistribute this textbook in a digital format (including but not limited to PDF and HTML), then you
must retain on every page the following attribution:
“Access for free at openstax.org.”
- If you redistribute this textbook in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the
following attribution:
“Access for free at openstax.org.”
- If you redistribute part of this textbook, then you must retain in every digital format page view (including
but not limited to PDF and HTML) and on every physical printed page the following attribution:
“Access for free at openstax.org.”
- If you use this textbook as a bibliographic reference, please include
https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e in your citation.
For questions regarding this licensing, please contact .
Trademarks
The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, OpenStax CNX logo,
OpenStax Tutor name, Openstax Tutor logo, Connexions name, Connexions logo, Rice University name, and
Rice University logo are not subject to the license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express
written consent of Rice University.
HARDCOVER BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-711494-06-7
B&W PAPERBACK BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-711494-05-0
DIGITAL VERSION ISBN-13 978-1-951693-42-8
ORIGINAL PUBLICATION YEAR 2022
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CJP 22
,Anatomy and Physiology
2e
SENIOR CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
J. GORDON BETTS, TYLER JUNIOR COLLEGE
PETER DESAIX, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL
EDDIE JOHNSON, CENTRAL OREGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE
JODY E. JOHNSON, ARAPAHOE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
OKSANA KOROL, AIMS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
DEAN KRUSE, PORTLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE
BRANDON POE, SPRINGFIELD TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE
JAMES A. WISE, HAMPTON UNIVERSITY
MARK WOMBLE, YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY
KELLY A. YOUNG, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH
, OpenStax
Rice University
6100 Main Street MS-375
Houston, Texas 77005
To learn more about OpenStax, visit https://openstax.org.
Individual print copies and bulk orders can be purchased through our website.
©2022 Rice University. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Under this license, any user of this textbook or the textbook
contents herein must provide proper attribution as follows:
- If you redistribute this textbook in a digital format (including but not limited to PDF and HTML), then you
must retain on every page the following attribution:
“Access for free at openstax.org.”
- If you redistribute this textbook in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the
following attribution:
“Access for free at openstax.org.”
- If you redistribute part of this textbook, then you must retain in every digital format page view (including
but not limited to PDF and HTML) and on every physical printed page the following attribution:
“Access for free at openstax.org.”
- If you use this textbook as a bibliographic reference, please include
https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e in your citation.
For questions regarding this licensing, please contact .
Trademarks
The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, OpenStax CNX logo,
OpenStax Tutor name, Openstax Tutor logo, Connexions name, Connexions logo, Rice University name, and
Rice University logo are not subject to the license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express
written consent of Rice University.
HARDCOVER BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-711494-06-7
B&W PAPERBACK BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-711494-05-0
DIGITAL VERSION ISBN-13 978-1-951693-42-8
ORIGINAL PUBLICATION YEAR 2022
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CJP 22
