BIO 358 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Allele |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Refers |to |the |different |versions |of |the |same |piece |of |genetic |
information |produced |by |mutation. |Each |form |is |referred |to |as |an |allele.
Amino |acid |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Building |blocks |of |protein
Asexual |reproduction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |reproductive |process |that |involves |only |one |
parent |and |produces |offspring |that |are |identical |to |the |parent.
Catalyst |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-molecules |that |bind |to |and |influence |the |chemical |reactions |
of |other |atoms |and |molecules |without |themselves |being |permanently |altered. |Their |key |role |
in |biological |systems |is |to |selectively |accelerate |particular |chemical |reactions. |This |process |
allows |cells |and |organisms |to |take |in |simple |compounds, |like |food |molecules, |and |use |them |
for |a |very |few |specific |reasons |that |benefit |the |biological |system. |These |reactions |include |
building |larger |molecules. |Most |catalysts |in |biological |systems |are |protein |molecules |encoded |
by |genes. |Such |catalysts |are |referred |to |as |enzymes.
Chemical |bonds, |strong |and |weak |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Chimps |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |of |two |African |great |ape |species |that |are |our |closest |
surviving |relatives. |The |formal |scientific |name |for |these |animals |is |Pan |troglodytes.
Chromosome |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-physical |objects |which |genetic |design |information |is |
packaged |in |contemporary |organisms. |Consist |of |a |single |very |long |DNA |molecule. |Together |
with |a |large, |complex |array |of |protein |molecules |which |package, |control, |express, |and |
replicate |that |genetic |design |information. |A |typical |chromosome |in |a |human |or |other |animal |
, might |have |one |to |three |thousand |genes |encoded |along |its |DNA |molecule. |A |typical |mammal |
might |have |fifteen |to |thirty |such |chromosomes |making |up |its |entire |genome.
Combinatoriality |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |the |use |of |combinations |of |limited |
numbers |of |symbols |or |elements |to |encode |information |or |to |build |complexity.
Compound |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |the |chemical |combination |of |multiple |atoms.
Cranial |volume/brain |size |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |the |volume |inside |the |brain |case |
of |the |skull. |It |can |be |measured |both |in |living |animals |and |in |fossils |skulls. |It |is |a |very |accurate
|reflection |of |living |brain |size. |Human |brain |size |is |much |greater |than |chimps, |our |closest |living
|relative. |This |is |brain |expansion |requires |assets |that |can |only |be |provided |by |and |newly |
expanded |scale |of |social |cooperation. |Thus, |increased |cranial |volume |in |the |human |fossil |
record |allows |us |to |identify |the |evolutionary |origin |of |uniquely |human |kinship |- |independent |
social |cooperation.
Crossing |over |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(recombination) |Process |in |which |homologous |
chromosomes |exchange |portions |of |their |chromatids |during |meiosis.
Cryptic |genetic |variation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Phenotypic |variation |not |usually |expressed |
in |typical |genetic |background/environment
Darwinian |selection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Natural |selection. |The |self-replicating |system |
consisting |of |a |vehicle |built |by |genetic |design |information |that |is |a |biological |organism |is |
susceptible |to |change |(evolution) |over |time. |Replication |can |never |be |perfectly |accurate |and |
thus |small |changes |(mutations) |in |the |design |information |will |inevitably |occasionally |occur. |
When |they |do, |most |will |make |a |less |affective |self-replicating |system |and |will |be |lost. |
However, |rarely, |such |changes |will |produce |a |better |self-replicating |system |and |this |altered |
system |will |eventually |competitively |displace |the |original |system. |These |systems |continue |to |
undergo |improvement |and |refinement. |This |same |process |will |meet |mediate |adaptation |to |
any |new |environmental |challenges. |This |is |the |fundamental |process |underlined |the |origin |and |
properties |of |all |biological |creatures.
Answers
Allele |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Refers |to |the |different |versions |of |the |same |piece |of |genetic |
information |produced |by |mutation. |Each |form |is |referred |to |as |an |allele.
Amino |acid |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Building |blocks |of |protein
Asexual |reproduction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |reproductive |process |that |involves |only |one |
parent |and |produces |offspring |that |are |identical |to |the |parent.
Catalyst |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-molecules |that |bind |to |and |influence |the |chemical |reactions |
of |other |atoms |and |molecules |without |themselves |being |permanently |altered. |Their |key |role |
in |biological |systems |is |to |selectively |accelerate |particular |chemical |reactions. |This |process |
allows |cells |and |organisms |to |take |in |simple |compounds, |like |food |molecules, |and |use |them |
for |a |very |few |specific |reasons |that |benefit |the |biological |system. |These |reactions |include |
building |larger |molecules. |Most |catalysts |in |biological |systems |are |protein |molecules |encoded |
by |genes. |Such |catalysts |are |referred |to |as |enzymes.
Chemical |bonds, |strong |and |weak |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Chimps |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |of |two |African |great |ape |species |that |are |our |closest |
surviving |relatives. |The |formal |scientific |name |for |these |animals |is |Pan |troglodytes.
Chromosome |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-physical |objects |which |genetic |design |information |is |
packaged |in |contemporary |organisms. |Consist |of |a |single |very |long |DNA |molecule. |Together |
with |a |large, |complex |array |of |protein |molecules |which |package, |control, |express, |and |
replicate |that |genetic |design |information. |A |typical |chromosome |in |a |human |or |other |animal |
, might |have |one |to |three |thousand |genes |encoded |along |its |DNA |molecule. |A |typical |mammal |
might |have |fifteen |to |thirty |such |chromosomes |making |up |its |entire |genome.
Combinatoriality |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |the |use |of |combinations |of |limited |
numbers |of |symbols |or |elements |to |encode |information |or |to |build |complexity.
Compound |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |the |chemical |combination |of |multiple |atoms.
Cranial |volume/brain |size |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-refers |to |the |volume |inside |the |brain |case |
of |the |skull. |It |can |be |measured |both |in |living |animals |and |in |fossils |skulls. |It |is |a |very |accurate
|reflection |of |living |brain |size. |Human |brain |size |is |much |greater |than |chimps, |our |closest |living
|relative. |This |is |brain |expansion |requires |assets |that |can |only |be |provided |by |and |newly |
expanded |scale |of |social |cooperation. |Thus, |increased |cranial |volume |in |the |human |fossil |
record |allows |us |to |identify |the |evolutionary |origin |of |uniquely |human |kinship |- |independent |
social |cooperation.
Crossing |over |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(recombination) |Process |in |which |homologous |
chromosomes |exchange |portions |of |their |chromatids |during |meiosis.
Cryptic |genetic |variation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Phenotypic |variation |not |usually |expressed |
in |typical |genetic |background/environment
Darwinian |selection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Natural |selection. |The |self-replicating |system |
consisting |of |a |vehicle |built |by |genetic |design |information |that |is |a |biological |organism |is |
susceptible |to |change |(evolution) |over |time. |Replication |can |never |be |perfectly |accurate |and |
thus |small |changes |(mutations) |in |the |design |information |will |inevitably |occasionally |occur. |
When |they |do, |most |will |make |a |less |affective |self-replicating |system |and |will |be |lost. |
However, |rarely, |such |changes |will |produce |a |better |self-replicating |system |and |this |altered |
system |will |eventually |competitively |displace |the |original |system. |These |systems |continue |to |
undergo |improvement |and |refinement. |This |same |process |will |meet |mediate |adaptation |to |
any |new |environmental |challenges. |This |is |the |fundamental |process |underlined |the |origin |and |
properties |of |all |biological |creatures.
