NU 110
NU 110 EXAM 2 - Respiratory System, Cardiovascular,
Skeletal, Integumentary, Muscular COMPLETE 2026
respiratory system
delivers oxygen to the blood, removes carbon dioxide from the body, maintains the
acid-base balance of the blood and homeostasis (pH balance), speech, sense of smell,
filter warm and moisten inhaled air
alveoli
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place.
bronchi
passages that direct air into the lungs "branches"
carbon dioxide
Acts as an acid in the body, carried through the body by bicarbonate.
pharynx
- throat
- passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
- 5 inches long roughly
epiglottis
- closes larynx during swallowing
- protective mechanism to prevent choking
- prevents food/liquid from entering the trachea
larynx
- voice box
- located just below the pharynx
thyroid cartlige
specific type of cartilage that forms the trachea and adam's apple
NU 110
,NU 110
vocal cords
located inside the pharynx (voice box), muscles control pitch
glottis
space between vocal chords
windpipe
The trachea is also known as the ___________ - its vital function is to keep the airway
open so that air can move from outside down into the lungs
tonsillitis
infections of the tonsils
vital airway
the trachea is a _____ _____ which means it must stay open, blockages can be fatal
within minutes eg choking
trachea
Part of the respiratory system that connects the larynx to bronchi. Essentially, it
connects the voice box to the lungs.
auditory tubes
The lining of the _______ ______ is continuous with the lining of the nasopharynx and
middle ear. Thus middle ear infections can develop from inflammation of the
nasopharynx.
sinus infections
The sinuses are connected to the nasal mucosa, which means that ________
___________ can develop from inflammation of nasal mucosa resulting from colds.
cartilage rings
the trachea is able to stretch because it is made up of 15-20 C-shaped _________
______, preventing collapse of the trachea, allowing the esophagus to expand during
swallowing. Gives the trachea stretch and structure.
lower respiratory infection (LRI)
NU 110
,NU 110
- can be more severe because infections are closer to the lungs
- more commonly known as chest cold
- s/sx similar to pneumonia
- affects bronchi, trachea, and lungs
respiratory mucosa
- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- contains goblet cells that produces mucous
- lines the airways to filter and moisten the air
upper respiratory tract
nose, pharynx, larynx
located outside of the thoracic cavity
lower respiratory tract
trachea, bronchi, lungs
located within the thoracic cavity
capillaries
surround alveoli allowing for gas exchange, thin walls allow for gas diffusion
upper respiratory infection (URI)
- commonly known as a head cold
- s/sx affect sinuses, larynx, pharynx, and nasal cavity
external nares
nostrils (air enters through here)
nasal cavities
- moist, warm, lined with mucosa
conchae
also known as turbinates
NU 110
, NU 110
They act like air filters and warmers — increasing the surface area inside the nose so
that the air you inhale is:
Warmed
Humidified
Filtered of particles before reaching the lungs
nasal septum
divides right and left nasal packages
olfactory receptors
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell
nose
breathing through the ____ better humidifies air than mouth breathing
lacrimal sac
provides passage of lacrimal fluid (tears) towards nasal cavity
nasopharynx
section of the pharnyx divided behind the nose
right lung
has 3 lobes: superior, middle, and inferior
oropharynx
section of the pharnyx divided behind the mouth
largynopharynx
section of the pharynx divided behind the larynx
tonsils
form a protective ring of lymph tissue in the throat
left lung
has 2 lobes: superior and inferior
NU 110
NU 110 EXAM 2 - Respiratory System, Cardiovascular,
Skeletal, Integumentary, Muscular COMPLETE 2026
respiratory system
delivers oxygen to the blood, removes carbon dioxide from the body, maintains the
acid-base balance of the blood and homeostasis (pH balance), speech, sense of smell,
filter warm and moisten inhaled air
alveoli
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place.
bronchi
passages that direct air into the lungs "branches"
carbon dioxide
Acts as an acid in the body, carried through the body by bicarbonate.
pharynx
- throat
- passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
- 5 inches long roughly
epiglottis
- closes larynx during swallowing
- protective mechanism to prevent choking
- prevents food/liquid from entering the trachea
larynx
- voice box
- located just below the pharynx
thyroid cartlige
specific type of cartilage that forms the trachea and adam's apple
NU 110
,NU 110
vocal cords
located inside the pharynx (voice box), muscles control pitch
glottis
space between vocal chords
windpipe
The trachea is also known as the ___________ - its vital function is to keep the airway
open so that air can move from outside down into the lungs
tonsillitis
infections of the tonsils
vital airway
the trachea is a _____ _____ which means it must stay open, blockages can be fatal
within minutes eg choking
trachea
Part of the respiratory system that connects the larynx to bronchi. Essentially, it
connects the voice box to the lungs.
auditory tubes
The lining of the _______ ______ is continuous with the lining of the nasopharynx and
middle ear. Thus middle ear infections can develop from inflammation of the
nasopharynx.
sinus infections
The sinuses are connected to the nasal mucosa, which means that ________
___________ can develop from inflammation of nasal mucosa resulting from colds.
cartilage rings
the trachea is able to stretch because it is made up of 15-20 C-shaped _________
______, preventing collapse of the trachea, allowing the esophagus to expand during
swallowing. Gives the trachea stretch and structure.
lower respiratory infection (LRI)
NU 110
,NU 110
- can be more severe because infections are closer to the lungs
- more commonly known as chest cold
- s/sx similar to pneumonia
- affects bronchi, trachea, and lungs
respiratory mucosa
- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- contains goblet cells that produces mucous
- lines the airways to filter and moisten the air
upper respiratory tract
nose, pharynx, larynx
located outside of the thoracic cavity
lower respiratory tract
trachea, bronchi, lungs
located within the thoracic cavity
capillaries
surround alveoli allowing for gas exchange, thin walls allow for gas diffusion
upper respiratory infection (URI)
- commonly known as a head cold
- s/sx affect sinuses, larynx, pharynx, and nasal cavity
external nares
nostrils (air enters through here)
nasal cavities
- moist, warm, lined with mucosa
conchae
also known as turbinates
NU 110
, NU 110
They act like air filters and warmers — increasing the surface area inside the nose so
that the air you inhale is:
Warmed
Humidified
Filtered of particles before reaching the lungs
nasal septum
divides right and left nasal packages
olfactory receptors
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell
nose
breathing through the ____ better humidifies air than mouth breathing
lacrimal sac
provides passage of lacrimal fluid (tears) towards nasal cavity
nasopharynx
section of the pharnyx divided behind the nose
right lung
has 3 lobes: superior, middle, and inferior
oropharynx
section of the pharnyx divided behind the mouth
largynopharynx
section of the pharynx divided behind the larynx
tonsils
form a protective ring of lymph tissue in the throat
left lung
has 2 lobes: superior and inferior
NU 110
