1
FDNY P-99 C OF F Actual Exam 2026/2027
Complete Questions and Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales Pass Guaranteed -
A+ Graded
Section 1: FDNY P-99 Certificate of Fitness Exam
Q1: What are the three components of the fire triangle?
A. Heat, fuel, and carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen, nitrogen, and fuel
C. Heat, fuel, and oxygen. [CORRECT]
D. Water, heat, and fuel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fire triangle consists of three essential components required for fire to exist: heat
(ignition source), fuel (combustible material), and oxygen (oxidizing agent); removing any one
of these components will extinguish the fire.
Q2: What is the fourth component added to create the fire tetrahedron?
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Chemical chain reaction. [CORRECT]
C. Hydrogen gas
D. Nitrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fire tetrahedron adds the chemical chain reaction as the fourth component,
recognizing that fire is a chemical reaction requiring sustained molecular interaction between
fuel and oxygen, which distinguishes it from simple combustion.
Q3: Which class of fire involves ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, and
plastics?
A. Class B
B. Class C
1
,2
C. Class A. [CORRECT]
D. Class K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Class A fires involve ordinary combustible materials including wood, paper, textiles,
plastics, and rubber, which leave ash residue and are typically extinguished with water or foam
agents that cool and penetrate the fuel.
Q4: Which class of fire involves flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, propane, and
solvents?
A. Class A
B. Class B. [CORRECT]
C. Class D
D. Class K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Class B fires involve flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, paint, solvents) and flammable
gases (propane, butane), requiring extinguishing agents that smother the fire by removing oxygen
or interrupting the chemical chain reaction without spreading the liquid.
Q5: Which class of fire involves energized electrical equipment?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C. [CORRECT]
D. Class K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment, motors, wiring, and appliances;
the primary hazard is electrical shock, so non-conductive extinguishing agents such as CO2 or
dry chemical must be used until power is de-energized.
Q6: Which class of fire involves combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, and
potassium?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
2
, 3
D. Class D. [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Class D fires involve combustible metals that burn at extremely high temperatures and
react violently with water and other standard extinguishing agents, requiring specialized dry
powder agents that smother without chemical reaction.
Q7: Which class of fire involves cooking oils and fats in commercial cooking operations?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class K. [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Class K fires involve vegetable oils, animal oils, and fats in commercial cooking
equipment; these fires require wet chemical extinguishers that create a soapy layer through
saponification to cool and separate the fuel from oxygen.
Q8: What is flashover in fire behavior?
A. The initial ignition of a fire
B. The transition where all exposed surfaces simultaneously reach ignition temperature and the
room becomes fully involved. [CORRECT]
C. The extinguishment of a fire by firefighters
D. The slow burning of materials over time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flashover is the critical phase in fire development where radiant heat causes all
exposed combustible materials in a room to simultaneously reach their ignition temperature,
resulting in full-room involvement and rapid fire spread.
Q9: What is backdraft?
A. A controlled ventilation technique used by firefighters
B. An explosion caused by the introduction of oxygen into a confined space containing
superheated smoke and gases. [CORRECT]
C. A type of fire extinguisher discharge pattern
D. The normal spread of fire through open doorways
3
FDNY P-99 C OF F Actual Exam 2026/2027
Complete Questions and Verified Answers
with Detailed Rationales Pass Guaranteed -
A+ Graded
Section 1: FDNY P-99 Certificate of Fitness Exam
Q1: What are the three components of the fire triangle?
A. Heat, fuel, and carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen, nitrogen, and fuel
C. Heat, fuel, and oxygen. [CORRECT]
D. Water, heat, and fuel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fire triangle consists of three essential components required for fire to exist: heat
(ignition source), fuel (combustible material), and oxygen (oxidizing agent); removing any one
of these components will extinguish the fire.
Q2: What is the fourth component added to create the fire tetrahedron?
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Chemical chain reaction. [CORRECT]
C. Hydrogen gas
D. Nitrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fire tetrahedron adds the chemical chain reaction as the fourth component,
recognizing that fire is a chemical reaction requiring sustained molecular interaction between
fuel and oxygen, which distinguishes it from simple combustion.
Q3: Which class of fire involves ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, and
plastics?
A. Class B
B. Class C
1
,2
C. Class A. [CORRECT]
D. Class K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Class A fires involve ordinary combustible materials including wood, paper, textiles,
plastics, and rubber, which leave ash residue and are typically extinguished with water or foam
agents that cool and penetrate the fuel.
Q4: Which class of fire involves flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, propane, and
solvents?
A. Class A
B. Class B. [CORRECT]
C. Class D
D. Class K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Class B fires involve flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, paint, solvents) and flammable
gases (propane, butane), requiring extinguishing agents that smother the fire by removing oxygen
or interrupting the chemical chain reaction without spreading the liquid.
Q5: Which class of fire involves energized electrical equipment?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C. [CORRECT]
D. Class K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment, motors, wiring, and appliances;
the primary hazard is electrical shock, so non-conductive extinguishing agents such as CO2 or
dry chemical must be used until power is de-energized.
Q6: Which class of fire involves combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, and
potassium?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
2
, 3
D. Class D. [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Class D fires involve combustible metals that burn at extremely high temperatures and
react violently with water and other standard extinguishing agents, requiring specialized dry
powder agents that smother without chemical reaction.
Q7: Which class of fire involves cooking oils and fats in commercial cooking operations?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class K. [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Class K fires involve vegetable oils, animal oils, and fats in commercial cooking
equipment; these fires require wet chemical extinguishers that create a soapy layer through
saponification to cool and separate the fuel from oxygen.
Q8: What is flashover in fire behavior?
A. The initial ignition of a fire
B. The transition where all exposed surfaces simultaneously reach ignition temperature and the
room becomes fully involved. [CORRECT]
C. The extinguishment of a fire by firefighters
D. The slow burning of materials over time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flashover is the critical phase in fire development where radiant heat causes all
exposed combustible materials in a room to simultaneously reach their ignition temperature,
resulting in full-room involvement and rapid fire spread.
Q9: What is backdraft?
A. A controlled ventilation technique used by firefighters
B. An explosion caused by the introduction of oxygen into a confined space containing
superheated smoke and gases. [CORRECT]
C. A type of fire extinguisher discharge pattern
D. The normal spread of fire through open doorways
3
