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nation - ANSWER ✓ a group of people sharing a common language, history, or
culture
nation-state - ANSWER ✓ the entity formed when people sharing the same
historical, cultural, or linguistic roots form their own state with borders, a
government, and international recognition; trend began with French and American
Revolutions
state - ANSWER ✓ an organized political unit that has a geographic territory, a
stable population, and a government to which the population owes allegiance and
that is legally recognized by other states
system - ANSWER ✓ an assemblage of units, objects, or parts united by some
form of regular interaction in which a change in one unit causes changes in the
others
unipolar - ANSWER ✓ the power to conquer all other states in the system
combined resides within a single state
bureaucratic politics model - ANSWER ✓ the model of foreign policy decision
making that posits that national decisions are the outcomes of bargaining among
bureaucratic groups having competing interests; decisions reflect the relative
strength of the individual bureaucratic players or of the organizations they
represent
, compellence - ANSWER ✓ the use of threats to coerce another into taking an
action it otherwise would not take
credibility - ANSWER ✓ the quality of having both the ability and incentive to act
using a certain policy such that other states believe it will be carried out
deterrence - ANSWER ✓ the policy of maintaining a large military force and
arsenal to discourage any potential aggressor from taking action
diplomacy - ANSWER ✓ the practice of states trying to influence the behavior of
other states by bargaining, negotiating, taking specific noncoercive actions or
refraining from such actions, or appealing to the foreign public for support of a
position
engagement - ANSWER ✓ getting a target state to act in a desired way by
rewarding the moves it makes in the desired direction; often referred to as positive
sanctions
ethnonational movements - ANSWER ✓ the participation in organized political
activity of self-conscious communities sharing an ethnic affiliation; some
movements seek autonomy within an organized state; others desire separation and
the formation of a new state; still others want to join with a different state
extremist islamic fundamentalism - ANSWER ✓ groups seeking to change states
and societies through violent and coercive means to support imposition of Sharia
law
fragile states - ANSWER ✓ state which has ineffective or nonexistent
government, widespread lawlessness, often accompanied by insurgency and crime;
situation where state authorities are not protecting their own people
hard power - ANSWER ✓ states using various sources of power (economic or
military) to coerce other states into adopting actions in its interests
organizational process model - ANSWER ✓ the foreign policy decision-making
model that posits that national decisions are the products of subnational
governmental organizations and units which follow the standard operating
procedures and processes of the organizations