Panic and Phobic Disorders, Systematic Desensitization, Implosive Therapy, and
Flooding; Neurotransmitter Dysfunction in Depression, Anxiety, and Mood
Disorders Including Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and GABA; Psychotropic
Medications—SSRIs, SNRIs, Benzodiazepines, Buspirone, Z-Drugs, MAOIs, Their
Mechanisms, Side Effects, and Special Considerations in Older Adults and Liver
Disease; Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques Such as Positive Self-Talk; Defense
Mechanisms Including Displacement, Denial, Rationalization, and Suppression;
Legal and Ethical Considerations in Nursing Practice Including Negligence, Duty,
Breach, Damages, Assault, False Imprisonment, Medical Battery, Privacy, and
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Systematic desensitization
Exposure method used to desensitiz pt; exposes pt to hierarchy of feared situations that the pt
has rated from least to most feared; used for panic disorder and agoraphobia; muscle relaxation
Implosive therapy
Useful in treating panic disorder and agoraphobia; therapist identified phobic stimuli for pt then
presents highly-anxiety provoking imagery to pt, describing feared scene as dramatically and
vividly as possible
Flooding
, Technique used to desensitize pt to fear associate w/ particular anxiety-provoking stimulus;
done by presenting feared objects or situations repeatedly w/o session breaks until anxiety
dissipates
What excitatory chemical plays a major role in generating and maintaining mood states?
Norepinephrine
Decreased norepinephrine
Depression
Excessive norepinephrine
Manic symptoms
What role does norepinephrine play in anxiety?
Role in physical symptoms
What is norepinephrine involved in?
Sleep and wakefulness; process of reinforcement
What psychiatric illnesses have dysfunction of nonadrenergic neurons?
Anxiety and depression