ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
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Question 1:
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) uses research to promote:
A. Administrative control
B. Traditional practice methods
C. More effective practice
D. Less accountability
Answer: C. More effective practice
Rationale:
Evidence-Based Practice integrates the best available research evidence,
practitioner expertise, and client values to improve the effectiveness and quality
of professional practice.
Question 2:
What is the first step in an evidence-based process or in developing a research
proposal?
A. Collecting data
B. Formulating an answerable question
,C. Writing the discussion
D. Publishing the results
Answer: B. Formulating an answerable question
Rationale:
The first step in research and evidence-based practice is to clearly define the
research problem or question, which guides the entire study process.
Question 3:
Which response best describes a null hypothesis?
A. It predicts a strong relationship between variables
B. It predicts a positive relationship between variables
C. It predicts that there is no relationship between study variables
D. It predicts that variables will change over time
Answer: C. It predicts that there is no relationship between study variables
Rationale:
A null hypothesis (H₀) states that no significant relationship or difference exists
between variables. Researchers test data to determine whether to reject or fail to
reject the null hypothesis.
Question 4:
Consider a study in which a program based on behavioral theory is being used to
intervene with truant adolescents. Which of the following might be the
dependent variable in the study?
A. Counseling sessions
B. Attendance
C. Program funding
D. School policies
Answer: B. Attendance
,Rationale:
The dependent variable is the outcome being measured. In this case, the
intervention aims to change school attendance, making it the dependent variable.
Question 5:
In a study involving parenting skills being taught to parents identified as “at risk”
for child abuse or neglect, which of the following would NOT be considered an
independent variable?
A. Parenting training program
B. Educational materials
C. Counseling sessions
D. Future reports of child abuse or neglect
Answer: D. Future reports of child abuse or neglect
Rationale:
Independent variables are the factors manipulated or introduced by the
researcher. Future reports of abuse are outcomes, making them dependent
variables, not independent variables.
Question 6:
What types of studies are designed to test hypotheses?
A. Descriptive
B. Exploratory
C. Explanatory
D. Observational
Answer: C. Explanatory
Rationale:
Explanatory research examines relationships between variables and tests
hypotheses to determine cause-and-effect relationships.
, Question 7:
The strongest evidence to guide a practitioner in using evidence-based practice
comes from what type of studies?
A. Case studies
B. Surveys
C. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
D. Observational studies
Answer: C. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Rationale:
Meta-analyses combine results from multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs),
providing high-level evidence because they analyze large amounts of rigorous
research.
Question 8:
Which of the following components of a research study would NOT be included in
the proposal to conduct the study?
A. Methodology
B. Literature review
C. Research questions
D. Findings
Answer: D. Findings
Rationale:
Research proposals outline what will be studied and how, but findings are
produced only after the study is completed.
Question 9:
What is the purpose of conducting a literature review?