PN 2002 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM|
PN 2002 FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 200
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
Why is dehydration a significant risk to the elderly? - ANSWER -
reduced intake or increased loss that would be only a minor problem in
younger person, life threatening to older person. reduction of body
weight being water only 50% instead of 60%
What are some of the more noticeable effects of aging - ANSWER - hair
loss, gray hair, wrinkles, bony appearance, ears lengthen, thicker hair in
nose and ears, diminished muscle mass, decreased height, gait
Why are the elderly more sensitive to cold temperatures? - ANSWER -
lower normal body temp decreased amounts of natural insulation
By how much does stature decrease? - ANSWER - 1 to 3 inches before
the age of 70 after 70 1/2-icm
What are sclerosis and fibrosis? - ANSWER - stiffening of a structure,
formation of excess fibrous tissue thick and rigid
Why is there a reduction in cardiac output under stress - ANSWER -
heart muscle loses its efficiency and contractile strength
pg. 1
,What happens to the pacemaker cells with age - ANSWER - they
become increasingly irregular and decrease in number
What happens to resting heart rate with age. - ANSWER - stays the same
60-100 bpm
What is the tunica intima? and what changes occur that contribute to the
development of atherosclerosis? - ANSWER - the inner most layer of
blood vessel and it becomes fibrosis, calcium builds up, lipid
accumulation and cellular proliferation
Why does systolic blood pressure rise with age - ANSWER - impaired
baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance occur.
What is postural (orthostatic) hypotension? - ANSWER - decline in
systolic BP of 20 mm Hg or more after rising and standing for 1 minute.
What is postprandial hypotension? - ANSWER - blood pressure
reduction of at least 20mmHg within 1 hour of eating
What happens to the rib cage with age? - ANSWER - calcification of the
costal cartilage makes trachea and rib cage more rigid.
What is kyphosis? how would it affect breathing? - ANSWER - spinal
disorder which an excessive outward curve of the spine results in
abnormal rounding of the upper back chest in thoracic spine curve can
make it difficult to breath
pg. 2
,What makes it difficult for the elderly to expel mucus - ANSWER -
Lungs, cilia reduce in number and there is hypertrophy of bronchial
mucous gland and further complicating the ability to expel mucous and
debris
What happens to the alveoli with age - ANSWER - reduce in number
and stretch due to progressive loss of elasticity
What results when reduced respiratory function is combined with
immobility - ANSWER - decline in ventilatory capacity is noticeable
primary when an extra breathing demand is present, as the lower
pulmonary reserve results in dyspnea, more easily occurring
Why are so many elderly edentulous? - ANSWER - poor dental care,
diet, environmental influences
Why would the elderly not wear their dentures? - ANSWER - discomfort
or poor fit
What happens to the sense of taste with aging? how do the elderly often
compensate for this - ANSWER - less acute with age because the tongue
atrophies, affecting the taste buds, sweet sensation on the tip of the
tongue tend to suffer greatest loss. compensate with excessive seasoning
of foods
What happens to saliva with age? what problems would this cause? -
ANSWER - produce less saliva approximately 1/3 of the amount,
diminished in quantity and is increased viscosity as a result of some
medications, salivary ptyalin is decreased interfering with the
breakdown of starches
pg. 3
, Why does aspiration become a risk with age? - ANSWER - tooth
brittleness
What happens to the stomach? What vitamins and minerals are reduced?
- ANSWER - hydrochloric acid and pepsin decline with age the higher
pH of the stomach contributes to an increased incidence of gastric
irritation in older population. Vitamin B, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D,
Calcium and Iron reduced
What causes gallstones? what are the medical names for gallbladder
inflammation and gallstones - ANSWER - less efficient cholesterol
stabilization and absorption cause increased incidence. Cholecystitis,
cholelithiasis
What age does kidney function begin to decline - ANSWER - 20-90
What are some bladder changes that occur with age? - ANSWER -
muscle weakens, capacity decreases, emptying more difficult
What happens to the prostate with aging? What is BPH - ANSWER -
prostatic enlargement, benign prostatic hyperplasia
What changes happen to the female genitalia with age? - ANSWER -
atrophy of the vulva, loss of sub cut fat and hair and flattening of labia
Why might postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy experience
incidents of bleeding - ANSWER - endometrium continues to respond to
hormonal stimulation which can be responsible for incidents of post-
menopausal bleeding
pg. 4
PN 2002 FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 200
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
Why is dehydration a significant risk to the elderly? - ANSWER -
reduced intake or increased loss that would be only a minor problem in
younger person, life threatening to older person. reduction of body
weight being water only 50% instead of 60%
What are some of the more noticeable effects of aging - ANSWER - hair
loss, gray hair, wrinkles, bony appearance, ears lengthen, thicker hair in
nose and ears, diminished muscle mass, decreased height, gait
Why are the elderly more sensitive to cold temperatures? - ANSWER -
lower normal body temp decreased amounts of natural insulation
By how much does stature decrease? - ANSWER - 1 to 3 inches before
the age of 70 after 70 1/2-icm
What are sclerosis and fibrosis? - ANSWER - stiffening of a structure,
formation of excess fibrous tissue thick and rigid
Why is there a reduction in cardiac output under stress - ANSWER -
heart muscle loses its efficiency and contractile strength
pg. 1
,What happens to the pacemaker cells with age - ANSWER - they
become increasingly irregular and decrease in number
What happens to resting heart rate with age. - ANSWER - stays the same
60-100 bpm
What is the tunica intima? and what changes occur that contribute to the
development of atherosclerosis? - ANSWER - the inner most layer of
blood vessel and it becomes fibrosis, calcium builds up, lipid
accumulation and cellular proliferation
Why does systolic blood pressure rise with age - ANSWER - impaired
baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance occur.
What is postural (orthostatic) hypotension? - ANSWER - decline in
systolic BP of 20 mm Hg or more after rising and standing for 1 minute.
What is postprandial hypotension? - ANSWER - blood pressure
reduction of at least 20mmHg within 1 hour of eating
What happens to the rib cage with age? - ANSWER - calcification of the
costal cartilage makes trachea and rib cage more rigid.
What is kyphosis? how would it affect breathing? - ANSWER - spinal
disorder which an excessive outward curve of the spine results in
abnormal rounding of the upper back chest in thoracic spine curve can
make it difficult to breath
pg. 2
,What makes it difficult for the elderly to expel mucus - ANSWER -
Lungs, cilia reduce in number and there is hypertrophy of bronchial
mucous gland and further complicating the ability to expel mucous and
debris
What happens to the alveoli with age - ANSWER - reduce in number
and stretch due to progressive loss of elasticity
What results when reduced respiratory function is combined with
immobility - ANSWER - decline in ventilatory capacity is noticeable
primary when an extra breathing demand is present, as the lower
pulmonary reserve results in dyspnea, more easily occurring
Why are so many elderly edentulous? - ANSWER - poor dental care,
diet, environmental influences
Why would the elderly not wear their dentures? - ANSWER - discomfort
or poor fit
What happens to the sense of taste with aging? how do the elderly often
compensate for this - ANSWER - less acute with age because the tongue
atrophies, affecting the taste buds, sweet sensation on the tip of the
tongue tend to suffer greatest loss. compensate with excessive seasoning
of foods
What happens to saliva with age? what problems would this cause? -
ANSWER - produce less saliva approximately 1/3 of the amount,
diminished in quantity and is increased viscosity as a result of some
medications, salivary ptyalin is decreased interfering with the
breakdown of starches
pg. 3
, Why does aspiration become a risk with age? - ANSWER - tooth
brittleness
What happens to the stomach? What vitamins and minerals are reduced?
- ANSWER - hydrochloric acid and pepsin decline with age the higher
pH of the stomach contributes to an increased incidence of gastric
irritation in older population. Vitamin B, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D,
Calcium and Iron reduced
What causes gallstones? what are the medical names for gallbladder
inflammation and gallstones - ANSWER - less efficient cholesterol
stabilization and absorption cause increased incidence. Cholecystitis,
cholelithiasis
What age does kidney function begin to decline - ANSWER - 20-90
What are some bladder changes that occur with age? - ANSWER -
muscle weakens, capacity decreases, emptying more difficult
What happens to the prostate with aging? What is BPH - ANSWER -
prostatic enlargement, benign prostatic hyperplasia
What changes happen to the female genitalia with age? - ANSWER -
atrophy of the vulva, loss of sub cut fat and hair and flattening of labia
Why might postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy experience
incidents of bleeding - ANSWER - endometrium continues to respond to
hormonal stimulation which can be responsible for incidents of post-
menopausal bleeding
pg. 4
