GMS 5057 - Medical Cell Biology - Test 1
questions well answered to pass||
GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE 2026
Definition of templated polymerization -CORRECTANSWER DNA is split apart and
each strand is used as a template when being replicated or during transcription.
What are regulatory DNA -CORRECTANSWER They are genes that control when,
where, and how much genes are expressed
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce arise from -
CORRECTANSWER single cell (zygote)
Cell function -CORRECTANSWER interpret hereditary DNA and express information to
coordinate synthesis of molecules that assemble into complex structures that form more
cells.
Monomers of DNA and RNA -CORRECTANSWER Nucleotide
components of a nucleotide -CORRECTANSWER sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
The backbone of a nucleotide has what types of chemical bonds -CORRECTANSWER
covalent
,The nucleotide bases interact with eachother via what types of bonds -
CORRECTANSWER Hydrogen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology -CORRECTANSWER - DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- Genes in DNA and hereditary information is expressed.
What are enzymes -CORRECTANSWER proteins with catalytic sites that catalyze
specific chemical reactions
Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls -
CORRECTANSWER Lysozyme
Main currency for energy in cells -CORRECTANSWER ATP
What structural part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents the passive diffusion of
hydrophilic substances -CORRECTANSWER hydrophobic core
Amphipathic -CORRECTANSWER having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic
region
Liposome -CORRECTANSWER Phospholipid bilayer that forms an aqueous
compartment as a result of phospholipids being submerged into water.
,What are the two groups of prokaryotes -CORRECTANSWER Bacteria and Archaea
What are the three branches of the tree of life -CORRECTANSWER Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukarya
Sequence conservation in rRNA genes among various species including human
suggest what? -CORRECTANSWER life originated from an ancestral cell.
What are three ways that new genes can arise -CORRECTANSWER Intragenic
mutation
Gene duplication
DNA segment shuffling
Examples of mutations -CORRECTANSWER nucleotide changes, deletions, and
insertions
Horizontal gene transfer -CORRECTANSWER - transfer of DNA between different
organisms (particularly in bacterial species and rarely in eukaryotic species).
Vertical gene transfer -CORRECTANSWER parent to progeny
Gene family -CORRECTANSWER Genes that share related sequences and functions
, Largest family of genes -CORRECTANSWER ABC transporters
ABC transporters -CORRECTANSWER - ATP-binding cassette transporters
- Transporters that use ATP as energy to perform various functions.
homologous genes -CORRECTANSWER two or more genes derived from the same
ancestral gene
Orthologs -CORRECTANSWER Homologous genes with a common ancestor in
different species due to a speciation event.
Paralogs -CORRECTANSWER Homologous genes with a common ancestor in the
same species, usually due to gene duplication and divergence.
Viruses that infect bacterial cells -CORRECTANSWER bacteriophages
Mutant analysis -CORRECTANSWER using mutants to understand how a biological
process normally works
Mitochondrion origin -CORRECTANSWER An ancient eukaryotic precursor cell
engulfed a bacterial cell and became a host for the bacterial cell. A symbiotic
relationship was formed.
questions well answered to pass||
GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE 2026
Definition of templated polymerization -CORRECTANSWER DNA is split apart and
each strand is used as a template when being replicated or during transcription.
What are regulatory DNA -CORRECTANSWER They are genes that control when,
where, and how much genes are expressed
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce arise from -
CORRECTANSWER single cell (zygote)
Cell function -CORRECTANSWER interpret hereditary DNA and express information to
coordinate synthesis of molecules that assemble into complex structures that form more
cells.
Monomers of DNA and RNA -CORRECTANSWER Nucleotide
components of a nucleotide -CORRECTANSWER sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
The backbone of a nucleotide has what types of chemical bonds -CORRECTANSWER
covalent
,The nucleotide bases interact with eachother via what types of bonds -
CORRECTANSWER Hydrogen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology -CORRECTANSWER - DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- Genes in DNA and hereditary information is expressed.
What are enzymes -CORRECTANSWER proteins with catalytic sites that catalyze
specific chemical reactions
Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls -
CORRECTANSWER Lysozyme
Main currency for energy in cells -CORRECTANSWER ATP
What structural part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents the passive diffusion of
hydrophilic substances -CORRECTANSWER hydrophobic core
Amphipathic -CORRECTANSWER having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic
region
Liposome -CORRECTANSWER Phospholipid bilayer that forms an aqueous
compartment as a result of phospholipids being submerged into water.
,What are the two groups of prokaryotes -CORRECTANSWER Bacteria and Archaea
What are the three branches of the tree of life -CORRECTANSWER Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukarya
Sequence conservation in rRNA genes among various species including human
suggest what? -CORRECTANSWER life originated from an ancestral cell.
What are three ways that new genes can arise -CORRECTANSWER Intragenic
mutation
Gene duplication
DNA segment shuffling
Examples of mutations -CORRECTANSWER nucleotide changes, deletions, and
insertions
Horizontal gene transfer -CORRECTANSWER - transfer of DNA between different
organisms (particularly in bacterial species and rarely in eukaryotic species).
Vertical gene transfer -CORRECTANSWER parent to progeny
Gene family -CORRECTANSWER Genes that share related sequences and functions
, Largest family of genes -CORRECTANSWER ABC transporters
ABC transporters -CORRECTANSWER - ATP-binding cassette transporters
- Transporters that use ATP as energy to perform various functions.
homologous genes -CORRECTANSWER two or more genes derived from the same
ancestral gene
Orthologs -CORRECTANSWER Homologous genes with a common ancestor in
different species due to a speciation event.
Paralogs -CORRECTANSWER Homologous genes with a common ancestor in the
same species, usually due to gene duplication and divergence.
Viruses that infect bacterial cells -CORRECTANSWER bacteriophages
Mutant analysis -CORRECTANSWER using mutants to understand how a biological
process normally works
Mitochondrion origin -CORRECTANSWER An ancient eukaryotic precursor cell
engulfed a bacterial cell and became a host for the bacterial cell. A symbiotic
relationship was formed.
