Pathophysiology Practice Exam 2
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Fibrotic tubules with deficiency in spermatogenesis, infertility. - CORRECT ANSWER
Cryptorchidism Complications
Absence of menstruation - CORRECT ANSWER Amenorrhea
Hormonal disturbances
Stress
Neoplasms (ovarian, adrenal, pituitary tumors) - CORRECT ANSWER Amenorrhea Causes
Cardiovascular disease
Hypervolemia
Depression - CORRECT ANSWER Complications of Dialysis
,Inflammation of the prostate.
Most common association is E. coli. - CORRECT ANSWER Prostatitis
Fever
Chills
Tender prostate
Low back pain
Dysuria
Leukocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER Prostatitis S/S
Urine becomes supersaturated with specific solute that forms crystals. Crystallization is
enhanced when a person is dehydrated or has higher than normal levels of solute in the urine
from excessive secretion (calcium, uric acid). - CORRECT ANSWER Renal Calculus Cause
Dull, localized flank pain Acute discomfort accompanied by nausea and vomiting, diaphoresis
(sweating), tachycardia, and tachypnea (abnormal, rapid breathing) Renal colic (intermittent,
sharp pain) develops as the stone moves to the ureteropelvic junction - CORRECT ANSWER
Renal Calculus S/S
Urinary retention
Obstruction to flow
Decreased stream
Hesitancy; difficulty initiating a stream
Interruption of the stream
Infection caused by retention - CORRECT ANSWER Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy S/S
, "salt-retaining hormone". Steroid that promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. Na+
retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressur -
CORRECT ANSWER .Aldosterone
Promotes retention of water by kidneys and increases blood pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Diabetes
Hypertension
Recurrent pyelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Family history of CKD
Smoking
Age over 65 Ethnicity - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic Renal Failure Risk Factors
The outcome of the progressive and irrevocable loss of nephrons. More than 75% of the total
number of nephrons must be lost before clinical manifestations appear. - CORRECT ANSWER
Chronic Renal Failure Causes
Inflammation of the bladder lining, may result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections;
chemical irritants; foreign bodies (e.g., stones); or trauma. By far the most common is bacterial
infection. - CORRECT ANSWER .Cystitis Causes
E. coli adheres to bladder epithelium, colonizes, and invades host cells. - CORRECT ANSWER
Cystitis Pathogenesis