PNVN 1631 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is the SA node? - Answers Pacemaker of the heart
NYHA class 1 heart failure - Answers No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g.
shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs etc.
NYHA class 2 heart failure - Answers Mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and
slight limitation during ordinary activity.
NYHA class 3 heart failure - Answers Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-
than-ordinary activity, e.g. walking short distances (20—100 m).Comfortable only at rest.
NYHA class 4 heart failure - Answers Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest.
Mostly bedbound patients.
Grade 1 edema - Answers 0-2 mm indentation, rebounds immediately
Grade 2 edema - Answers 3-4 mm indentation, rebounds in <15 seconds
Grade 3 edema - Answers 5-6 mm indentation, up to 30-60 seconds to rebound
Grade 4 edema - Answers 8 mm indentation
Up to 2-5 minutes to rebound
What does an electrocardiogram measure and what would indicate a fatal outcome? - Answers
Ejection fraction
V-tach & V-fib (must take immediate action)
What education should you provide to a patient taking Nitroglycerin? - Answers Administer 3 times in
intervals of 5 minutes. If not improved, seek immediate medical attention.
Normal HDL levels - Answers 40-60 mg/dL
Considered the good cholesterol.
Normal LDL levels - Answers Less than 100 mg/dL
Considered bad cholesterol.
S/S of Angina - Answers -Substernal pain: radiating, heavy, squeezing, pressing, feeling of
apprehension
-Dyspnea
-Tachycardia, palpitations
-Diaphoresis, pallor, weakness
-ST segment depression or T wave inversion
What blood tests would be ordered for someone suspected of having an MI? - Answers CKMB-
Measures damage to muscles and can sometimes have a false positive.
Troponin-Measures damage to the bands in the heart muscles.
What would red frothy sputum indicate? - Answers Pulmonary edema-Sit the patient in a dependent
position while sitting upright.
Per the AHA, how often should you get a lipid panel done? - Answers 4-6 years
What does someone with a terminal illness normally mean by "they don't want to be a burden on
their family"? - Answers To make (someone) hold or carry something heavy or accept or deal with
something difficult
What is the healthcare philosophy of hospice care? - Answers Accepts death as the final stage of life:
it affirms life, but does not try to hasten or postpone death
Why do we give Statins (HMGCoA) at bedtime? - Answers The enzyme which makes the cholesterol is
more active at night (peak).
What are the effects of antilipid drugs? - Answers Lowers LDL and decreases the total cholesterol
levels.
What patient education should be givin for someone taking ACE inhibitors? - Answers Rise slowly or
may become dizzy
Watch for excessive diaphoresis
How would you know if ARB or BP meds are working? - Answers If the BP decreases like expected
What is MAP? - Answers Mean arterial pressure that measures pressure through each cycle of the
heart
When should you discontinue beta-blockers? - Answers If the patient begins wheezing as it is an
antagonist
When should a doppler be used? - Answers When you cannot hear a pulse through a stethescope or
cannot feel a pulse
What is the SA node? - Answers Pacemaker of the heart
NYHA class 1 heart failure - Answers No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g.
shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs etc.
NYHA class 2 heart failure - Answers Mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and
slight limitation during ordinary activity.
NYHA class 3 heart failure - Answers Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-
than-ordinary activity, e.g. walking short distances (20—100 m).Comfortable only at rest.
NYHA class 4 heart failure - Answers Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest.
Mostly bedbound patients.
Grade 1 edema - Answers 0-2 mm indentation, rebounds immediately
Grade 2 edema - Answers 3-4 mm indentation, rebounds in <15 seconds
Grade 3 edema - Answers 5-6 mm indentation, up to 30-60 seconds to rebound
Grade 4 edema - Answers 8 mm indentation
Up to 2-5 minutes to rebound
What does an electrocardiogram measure and what would indicate a fatal outcome? - Answers
Ejection fraction
V-tach & V-fib (must take immediate action)
What education should you provide to a patient taking Nitroglycerin? - Answers Administer 3 times in
intervals of 5 minutes. If not improved, seek immediate medical attention.
Normal HDL levels - Answers 40-60 mg/dL
Considered the good cholesterol.
Normal LDL levels - Answers Less than 100 mg/dL
Considered bad cholesterol.
S/S of Angina - Answers -Substernal pain: radiating, heavy, squeezing, pressing, feeling of
apprehension
-Dyspnea
-Tachycardia, palpitations
-Diaphoresis, pallor, weakness
-ST segment depression or T wave inversion
What blood tests would be ordered for someone suspected of having an MI? - Answers CKMB-
Measures damage to muscles and can sometimes have a false positive.
Troponin-Measures damage to the bands in the heart muscles.
What would red frothy sputum indicate? - Answers Pulmonary edema-Sit the patient in a dependent
position while sitting upright.
Per the AHA, how often should you get a lipid panel done? - Answers 4-6 years
What does someone with a terminal illness normally mean by "they don't want to be a burden on
their family"? - Answers To make (someone) hold or carry something heavy or accept or deal with
something difficult
What is the healthcare philosophy of hospice care? - Answers Accepts death as the final stage of life:
it affirms life, but does not try to hasten or postpone death
Why do we give Statins (HMGCoA) at bedtime? - Answers The enzyme which makes the cholesterol is
more active at night (peak).
What are the effects of antilipid drugs? - Answers Lowers LDL and decreases the total cholesterol
levels.
What patient education should be givin for someone taking ACE inhibitors? - Answers Rise slowly or
may become dizzy
Watch for excessive diaphoresis
How would you know if ARB or BP meds are working? - Answers If the BP decreases like expected
What is MAP? - Answers Mean arterial pressure that measures pressure through each cycle of the
heart
When should you discontinue beta-blockers? - Answers If the patient begins wheezing as it is an
antagonist
When should a doppler be used? - Answers When you cannot hear a pulse through a stethescope or
cannot feel a pulse
