BIOD 101 Module 1 Actual Exam Study
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
| Brand New Version
1. Describe how the shape of a protein is related to its function. - ANSWER
Proteins can be assembled into a variety of shapes which allows them to
serve a variety of functions. Some functions of proteins are to make many
needed protective tissues such as skin, hair, and fingernails. Proteins also
form enzymes (catalysts that speed up chemical reactions) and are used to
make needed substances such as hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red
blood cells.
2. What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids? - ANSWER
DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for
the inheritable characteristics of living organisms.
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins.
3. Low Density Lipoprotein - ANSWER "bad cholesterol," builds up within
vessels of the body
4. Essential Elements - ANSWER elements that are required for human life
and are abundant
5. Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER formed by electrostatic interactions between
molecules with polar covalent bonds
weak
,6. Macromolecules - ANSWER large polymeric molecule made up of many
covalently bonded monomers
7. Bio macromolecules - ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids (DNA/RNA)
8. Carbohydrate Major Function - ANSWER energy metabolism
9. Lipid Major Function - ANSWER energy, structural, regulatory
10.Protein Major Function - ANSWER regulation, structure, transport,
protection
11.Nucleic Acid Major Function - ANSWER regulation, hereditary, protein
synthesis
12.Carbohydrates - ANSWER made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
commonly referred to as "sugars"
primary source of fuel for organisms
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER complex, 10-100x larger than prokaryotes,
posses a nuclear membrane, contain membrane-bound organelles
13.Nucleus - ANSWER "brain" of the cell
porous double membrane suspended by nucleoplasm
pores lined with proteins responsible for regulating passage of proteins and
RNA
contains DNA and serves as control center of cell
, 14.Nuclear Lamina - ANSWER netlike protein filament, gives nucleus support
and shape
15.Nucleolus - ANSWER within nucleus, where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
from DNA
16.Ribosomes - ANSWER complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins
not membrane bound, not considered organelles
contain RNA and enzyme for linking amino acids
takes genes from nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis
17.Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER extension of outer membrane of
nucleus often containing ribosmes
18.Cisternae - ANSWER interconnect compartments formed from the maze of
tightly packed tubules (ER)
19.Rough ER - ANSWER has small, granular ribosomes attached and appears
"bumpy"
proteins made on ribosomes (attached to ER), threaded into ER lumen
20.Smooth ER - ANSWER no attached ribosomes
responsible for synthesis of lipids, steroids, and phospholipids for the cell
membrane
many hormones synthesized here
forms cholesterol
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
| Brand New Version
1. Describe how the shape of a protein is related to its function. - ANSWER
Proteins can be assembled into a variety of shapes which allows them to
serve a variety of functions. Some functions of proteins are to make many
needed protective tissues such as skin, hair, and fingernails. Proteins also
form enzymes (catalysts that speed up chemical reactions) and are used to
make needed substances such as hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red
blood cells.
2. What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids? - ANSWER
DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for
the inheritable characteristics of living organisms.
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins.
3. Low Density Lipoprotein - ANSWER "bad cholesterol," builds up within
vessels of the body
4. Essential Elements - ANSWER elements that are required for human life
and are abundant
5. Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER formed by electrostatic interactions between
molecules with polar covalent bonds
weak
,6. Macromolecules - ANSWER large polymeric molecule made up of many
covalently bonded monomers
7. Bio macromolecules - ANSWER carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids (DNA/RNA)
8. Carbohydrate Major Function - ANSWER energy metabolism
9. Lipid Major Function - ANSWER energy, structural, regulatory
10.Protein Major Function - ANSWER regulation, structure, transport,
protection
11.Nucleic Acid Major Function - ANSWER regulation, hereditary, protein
synthesis
12.Carbohydrates - ANSWER made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
commonly referred to as "sugars"
primary source of fuel for organisms
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER complex, 10-100x larger than prokaryotes,
posses a nuclear membrane, contain membrane-bound organelles
13.Nucleus - ANSWER "brain" of the cell
porous double membrane suspended by nucleoplasm
pores lined with proteins responsible for regulating passage of proteins and
RNA
contains DNA and serves as control center of cell
, 14.Nuclear Lamina - ANSWER netlike protein filament, gives nucleus support
and shape
15.Nucleolus - ANSWER within nucleus, where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
from DNA
16.Ribosomes - ANSWER complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins
not membrane bound, not considered organelles
contain RNA and enzyme for linking amino acids
takes genes from nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis
17.Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER extension of outer membrane of
nucleus often containing ribosmes
18.Cisternae - ANSWER interconnect compartments formed from the maze of
tightly packed tubules (ER)
19.Rough ER - ANSWER has small, granular ribosomes attached and appears
"bumpy"
proteins made on ribosomes (attached to ER), threaded into ER lumen
20.Smooth ER - ANSWER no attached ribosomes
responsible for synthesis of lipids, steroids, and phospholipids for the cell
membrane
many hormones synthesized here
forms cholesterol
