BIOD 101 Module 5 Exam Study
Questions with Answers | Latest
Edition
1. occurs through receptors usually in cell membrane - ANSWER reception
2. when the signaling molecule causes an intracellular change, often in a series
of steps or pathway - ANSWER transduction
3. molecules involved in the signal transduction pathway - ANSWER relay
molecules
4. plasma membrane receptors that work with the help of a G protein -
ANSWER G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
5. A protein that binds to GTP and hydrolyzes it back to GDP - ANSWER G
protein
6. Enzyme-linked receptor molecules that usually bind to growth factor ligands
and coordinate multiple transduction pathways at a time - ANSWER
receptor tyrosine kinases
7. when tyrosine kinases on one monomer stalk phosphorylate the opposite
monomer - ANSWER auto-phosphorylation
,8. ion channels that open in response to the binding of a ligand, most
commonly neurotransmitters - ANSWER ligand-gated ion channels
9. located within a cell's cytoplasm or nucleus, commonly bind with
hydrophobic molecules like steroid and thyroid hormones, vitamin D3. -
ANSWER Intracellular receptors
10.required to transport steroids (hydrophobic) through the bloodstream
(hydrophilic) - ANSWER carrier molecule
11.proteins that control the transcription of a gene into mRNA - ANSWER
transcription factors
12.the specific pairing of a ligand with its receptor that leads to a response -
ANSWER specificity
13.a ligand that binds to a receptor and causes a response in the target cell. Ex:
drospirenone - ANSWER agonist
14.a ligand that binds to a receptor and blocks the appropriate ligand from
binding. Ex: naloxone - ANSWER antagonist
15.a chain of molecules and intracellular enzymes that relay signals inside of a
cell; most often the relay molecules are proteins - ANSWER Transduction
16.Molecules or processes that occur early in the relay chain - ANSWER
Upstream
, 17.molecules or processes that occur later in the relay chain - ANSWER
Downstream
18.Which of the following best describes calcium's role as a second messenger?
It activates protein kinase A.
It activates protein kinase C.
It binds to proteins to change their shape and function.
All of the above. - ANSWER It binds to proteins to change their shape and
function.
19.True or False. If false, explain why it is false.
A ligand can bind to any cell in the body as long as the receptor is free to bind. -
ANSWER False. Ligands have specific receptors they must bind to.
If there was no specificity, the ligands would be binding to every single target
cell it touches; therefore, resulting in changes throughout the whole body.
20.Which of the following is/are true of RTKs? (Select all that apply).
- They are a family of enzyme-linked receptor molecules.
- They have an extracellular region only.
Questions with Answers | Latest
Edition
1. occurs through receptors usually in cell membrane - ANSWER reception
2. when the signaling molecule causes an intracellular change, often in a series
of steps or pathway - ANSWER transduction
3. molecules involved in the signal transduction pathway - ANSWER relay
molecules
4. plasma membrane receptors that work with the help of a G protein -
ANSWER G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
5. A protein that binds to GTP and hydrolyzes it back to GDP - ANSWER G
protein
6. Enzyme-linked receptor molecules that usually bind to growth factor ligands
and coordinate multiple transduction pathways at a time - ANSWER
receptor tyrosine kinases
7. when tyrosine kinases on one monomer stalk phosphorylate the opposite
monomer - ANSWER auto-phosphorylation
,8. ion channels that open in response to the binding of a ligand, most
commonly neurotransmitters - ANSWER ligand-gated ion channels
9. located within a cell's cytoplasm or nucleus, commonly bind with
hydrophobic molecules like steroid and thyroid hormones, vitamin D3. -
ANSWER Intracellular receptors
10.required to transport steroids (hydrophobic) through the bloodstream
(hydrophilic) - ANSWER carrier molecule
11.proteins that control the transcription of a gene into mRNA - ANSWER
transcription factors
12.the specific pairing of a ligand with its receptor that leads to a response -
ANSWER specificity
13.a ligand that binds to a receptor and causes a response in the target cell. Ex:
drospirenone - ANSWER agonist
14.a ligand that binds to a receptor and blocks the appropriate ligand from
binding. Ex: naloxone - ANSWER antagonist
15.a chain of molecules and intracellular enzymes that relay signals inside of a
cell; most often the relay molecules are proteins - ANSWER Transduction
16.Molecules or processes that occur early in the relay chain - ANSWER
Upstream
, 17.molecules or processes that occur later in the relay chain - ANSWER
Downstream
18.Which of the following best describes calcium's role as a second messenger?
It activates protein kinase A.
It activates protein kinase C.
It binds to proteins to change their shape and function.
All of the above. - ANSWER It binds to proteins to change their shape and
function.
19.True or False. If false, explain why it is false.
A ligand can bind to any cell in the body as long as the receptor is free to bind. -
ANSWER False. Ligands have specific receptors they must bind to.
If there was no specificity, the ligands would be binding to every single target
cell it touches; therefore, resulting in changes throughout the whole body.
20.Which of the following is/are true of RTKs? (Select all that apply).
- They are a family of enzyme-linked receptor molecules.
- They have an extracellular region only.
