NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW
2026 BUNDLED STUDY SOLUTIONS
◉ Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol. Increase heart rate and
increase in blood pressure. Answer: Catecholamines - Flight or fight
response
◉ Plasma protein. It keeps water along with it. Water escapes into
interstitial cell space. Swelling. Fluid is in the wrong places. Fluid in
the peritoneal cavity.. Answer: Function of Albumin - decrease
albumin - ascites
◉ Sodium and water retention. Answer: Function of aldosterone
◉ extracellular, interstitial, intracellular, intravascular. Answer:
Different fluid compartments
◉ increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. Decreased albumin
levels.. Answer: Causes of edema
◉ Sign is something you see. Objective you observe is a sign.
Subjective is a symptom. Symptom is something the patient is
feeling.. Answer: Signs and Symptoms
,◉ Immune complex reaction. RA and SLE. Answer: Type 3
hypersensitivity reaction examples
◉ Contact with allergen. Answer: Cause of contact dermatitis
◉ Primary, secondary, tertiary. Answer: Levels of prevention
◉ Fatal to brain- Nervous system changes. Answer: Hyponatremia
◉ They will not listen to the signals of apoptosis cell death. They
communicate and invade nearby organs. Answer: Metastatic cancer
cells
◉ Powerhouse.. Answer: Function of the mitochondria
◉ Helps with the production of proteins synthesis.. Answer:
Ribosomes
◉ After 50 years, every 10 years screening for colonoscopy. Stool for
occult blood every year, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. Answer:
Colonoscopy
◉ Helps in the production of RBC, WBC, and platelets.
Hematopoiesis. Answer: Primary function of the bone marrow
, ◉ Swelling, pain, redness, warmth. Answer: Assessment findings
with localized inflammation
◉ Increased amount white blood cells. Answer: Leukocytosis
◉ Uncontrolled modification of immature white blood cells,
decreased RBC, and decreased platelet. Lead to bone marrow
suppression. Answer: Leukemia
◉ Develop disease and develop immunity of disease
(immunization).. Answer: Active immunity
◉ Transfer of antibodies of one person to another.. Answer: Passive
immunity
◉ Abnormal uric acid metabolism. Answer: What happens with
Gout?
◉ bone loss due to aging. Increased bone reabsorption than bone
formation.. Answer: Osteoporosis
◉ Respiratory management. Answer: Priority assessment with
myasthenia crisis
2026 BUNDLED STUDY SOLUTIONS
◉ Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol. Increase heart rate and
increase in blood pressure. Answer: Catecholamines - Flight or fight
response
◉ Plasma protein. It keeps water along with it. Water escapes into
interstitial cell space. Swelling. Fluid is in the wrong places. Fluid in
the peritoneal cavity.. Answer: Function of Albumin - decrease
albumin - ascites
◉ Sodium and water retention. Answer: Function of aldosterone
◉ extracellular, interstitial, intracellular, intravascular. Answer:
Different fluid compartments
◉ increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. Decreased albumin
levels.. Answer: Causes of edema
◉ Sign is something you see. Objective you observe is a sign.
Subjective is a symptom. Symptom is something the patient is
feeling.. Answer: Signs and Symptoms
,◉ Immune complex reaction. RA and SLE. Answer: Type 3
hypersensitivity reaction examples
◉ Contact with allergen. Answer: Cause of contact dermatitis
◉ Primary, secondary, tertiary. Answer: Levels of prevention
◉ Fatal to brain- Nervous system changes. Answer: Hyponatremia
◉ They will not listen to the signals of apoptosis cell death. They
communicate and invade nearby organs. Answer: Metastatic cancer
cells
◉ Powerhouse.. Answer: Function of the mitochondria
◉ Helps with the production of proteins synthesis.. Answer:
Ribosomes
◉ After 50 years, every 10 years screening for colonoscopy. Stool for
occult blood every year, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. Answer:
Colonoscopy
◉ Helps in the production of RBC, WBC, and platelets.
Hematopoiesis. Answer: Primary function of the bone marrow
, ◉ Swelling, pain, redness, warmth. Answer: Assessment findings
with localized inflammation
◉ Increased amount white blood cells. Answer: Leukocytosis
◉ Uncontrolled modification of immature white blood cells,
decreased RBC, and decreased platelet. Lead to bone marrow
suppression. Answer: Leukemia
◉ Develop disease and develop immunity of disease
(immunization).. Answer: Active immunity
◉ Transfer of antibodies of one person to another.. Answer: Passive
immunity
◉ Abnormal uric acid metabolism. Answer: What happens with
Gout?
◉ bone loss due to aging. Increased bone reabsorption than bone
formation.. Answer: Osteoporosis
◉ Respiratory management. Answer: Priority assessment with
myasthenia crisis
