SOUTH CAROLINA BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● DNA Structure. Answer: Double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides
● Nucleotide Components. Answer: Phosphate group sugar and nitrogenous base
● Nitrogenous Base. Answer: Adenine thymine guanine or cytosine in DNA
● Base Pairing. Answer: A pairs with T and G pairs with C
● Complementary Strands. Answer: Two DNA strands with matching base pairs
● DNA Replication. Answer: Process of copying DNA before cell division
● Helicase. Answer: Enzyme unwinding DNA double helix
● DNA Polymerase. Answer: Enzyme adding nucleotides to form new DNA strand
● Semi-Conservative Replication. Answer: Each new DNA molecule has one old and one
new strand
● Gene Expression. Answer: Process converting genetic information into proteins
● Transcription. Answer: Copying DNA sequence into mRNA
● Translation. Answer: Converting mRNA sequence into protein
● mRNA. Answer: Messenger RNA carrying genetic code from DNA to ribosome
● tRNA. Answer: Transfer RNA bringing amino acids to ribosome
● rRNA. Answer: Ribosomal RNA component of ribosomes
● Codon. Answer: Three-nucleotide sequence coding for amino acid
● Anticodon. Answer: Three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA complementary to codon
● Start Codon. Answer: AUG signaling beginning of protein synthesis
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● DNA Structure. Answer: Double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides
● Nucleotide Components. Answer: Phosphate group sugar and nitrogenous base
● Nitrogenous Base. Answer: Adenine thymine guanine or cytosine in DNA
● Base Pairing. Answer: A pairs with T and G pairs with C
● Complementary Strands. Answer: Two DNA strands with matching base pairs
● DNA Replication. Answer: Process of copying DNA before cell division
● Helicase. Answer: Enzyme unwinding DNA double helix
● DNA Polymerase. Answer: Enzyme adding nucleotides to form new DNA strand
● Semi-Conservative Replication. Answer: Each new DNA molecule has one old and one
new strand
● Gene Expression. Answer: Process converting genetic information into proteins
● Transcription. Answer: Copying DNA sequence into mRNA
● Translation. Answer: Converting mRNA sequence into protein
● mRNA. Answer: Messenger RNA carrying genetic code from DNA to ribosome
● tRNA. Answer: Transfer RNA bringing amino acids to ribosome
● rRNA. Answer: Ribosomal RNA component of ribosomes
● Codon. Answer: Three-nucleotide sequence coding for amino acid
● Anticodon. Answer: Three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA complementary to codon
● Start Codon. Answer: AUG signaling beginning of protein synthesis
