CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ The __________ thesis contends that an unequal distribution of social
rewards is a necessary instrument for getting the essential tasks of
society performed. Answer: conservative
⩥ Which of the following is TRUE? Answer: Social stratification
depends upon but is not the same as social differentiation.
⩥ In 2004, __________ percent of all American children were living in
poverty. Answer: 17.8
⩥ The Coleman-Rainwater approach to understanding class structure
Answer: involves a somewhat unwieldy, but more descriptive approach
to measuring social class by combining the self-placement and
reputational approaches.
⩥ The shift in status of individuals or groups is known as Answer: social
mobility
⩥ The economic dimensions of social stratification include Answer:
wealth and income
,⩥ In 2002, the poverty rate for the elderly was __________ percent.
Answer: 10.4
⩥ In 2004, there were __________ million non-Hispanic whites living
in poverty, compared to 9 million African Americans and the same
number of Hispanics. Answer: 16.8
⩥ The Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore view of social stratification
supports the idea that Answer: the most highly rewarded positions are
those most critical to the welfare of society.
⩥ Sociologists define _________ as the ranking or grading of
individuals and groups into hierarchical layers. Answer: social
stratification
⩥ In discussing inequality on campus, the text points out that Answer:
social stratification is a pervasive component of campus life.
⩥ Gambling, drug use, and prostitution are considered Answer:
victimless crimes
⩥ Individuals learn deviance primarily in intimate groups of deviant
others, such as small groups of friends. This view typifies Answer:
differential association theory
, ⩥ Labeling theory does not explain Answer: what initially contributed to
the occurrence of the deviant behavior.
⩥ Juvenile involvement in violent crime Answer: increased over the past
several decades.
⩥ In modern societies, the ___________ is the mechanism by which a
good many norms - laws - are enforced. Answer: state
⩥ Regarding women and crime, Answer: a growing percentage of the
criminal population is female.
⩥ According to Merton, anomie represents society's struggle between its
Answer: goals and means.
⩥ Deviance depends to some extent on Answer: who does the defining,
who has the power to make the definitions stick, the time and place in
which the deviance occurs
⩥ In 2001, the largest category of all arrests was Answer: drug abuse
violations