BC-ADM exam prep questions with
correct answers
reasons |for |AM |hyperglycemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-excessive |hepatic |glucose |production, |
rebound |hyperglycemia, |dawn |phenomena
hypoglycemia |during |sleep |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Rebound |hyperglycemia |(Somogyi |effect)
medications |associated |with |hyperglycemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-protease |inhibitors |(HIV |
treatment), |corticosteroids, |thiazide |diuretics, |calcineurin |inhibitors |(anti-rejection |meds), |
fluoroquinolone |antibiotics, |beta-blockers, |atypical |antipsychotics
beta |blockers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Atenolol/metroprolol/propranolol
decrease |heart |rate |and |dilate |arteries |by |blocking |beta |receptors; |used |for |CVD |and |high |BP |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-beta |blockers
severe |dehydration, |usually |with |older |adults |with |comorbidities, |relative |insulin |deprivation |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hyperglycemic |Hyperosmolar |State |(HHS)
absolute |insulin |depravation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Diabetic |Ketoacidosis |(DKA)
usually |>60 |years |old, |>5 |days |symptoms, |glucose |>600, |beta |hydroxybutyrate |<3, |urine |
ketones |<2, |ph |normal, |bicarb |more |than |18, |serum |osmolality |300+, |usually |type |2, |10-20% |
mortality |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-characteristics |of |HHS
, massive |fluid |loss |from |osmotic |diuresis |(burns, |hyperglycemia, |diarrhea, |hemodialysis, |
diurectics, |steroids), |heart |attack, |infections, |hypertonic |feedings, |medications |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-causes |of |HHS
hyperosmolar |hyperglycemic |state |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HHS
polydipsia, |polyuria, |weakness, |wt |loss, |hypothermia, |hypotension, |tachycardia, |altered |
sensorium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-clinical |signs |of |HHS
labs |(especially |K+), |rehydrate, |correct |glucose |(insulin), |correct |lytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
treatment |for |HHS
pH |7.3+, |bicarb |18+, |glucose |less |than |250, |osmolality |less |than |300, |urine |output |.5mg/kg/hr,
|improved |cognition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-resolution |of |HHS
type |1 |in |youth, |highest |in |persons |<45, |often |a |cry |for |help |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA |and |
hyperglycemic |crisis
profound |insulin |deficiency; |accounts |for |14% |of |all |hospital |admits |for |T1; |in |young |people |
accounts |for |50% |all |admits; |16% |DM |related |fatalities; |incidence |~2 |episodes |per |100 |pt |years
|of |DM |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA
40% |illness |and |infection; |25% |inadequate |insulin |dosage; |emotional |stress |(especially |with |
teens, |neglect, |mismanagement); |disordered |eating; |pregnancy; |hyperglycemia |inducing |meds;
|insulin |omission |(fear |of |hypo |or |wt |gain); |stress; |can't |afford |insulin; |drug |use |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-DKA |precipitating |factors
glucose |200+, |osmolality |300+, |dehydration, |ph<7.3, |beta-hydoxybutyrate |(3 |mmol/L+), |2+ |
ketones |in |urine, |bicarb |less |than |18 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA |labs/presentation
correct answers
reasons |for |AM |hyperglycemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-excessive |hepatic |glucose |production, |
rebound |hyperglycemia, |dawn |phenomena
hypoglycemia |during |sleep |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Rebound |hyperglycemia |(Somogyi |effect)
medications |associated |with |hyperglycemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-protease |inhibitors |(HIV |
treatment), |corticosteroids, |thiazide |diuretics, |calcineurin |inhibitors |(anti-rejection |meds), |
fluoroquinolone |antibiotics, |beta-blockers, |atypical |antipsychotics
beta |blockers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Atenolol/metroprolol/propranolol
decrease |heart |rate |and |dilate |arteries |by |blocking |beta |receptors; |used |for |CVD |and |high |BP |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-beta |blockers
severe |dehydration, |usually |with |older |adults |with |comorbidities, |relative |insulin |deprivation |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hyperglycemic |Hyperosmolar |State |(HHS)
absolute |insulin |depravation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Diabetic |Ketoacidosis |(DKA)
usually |>60 |years |old, |>5 |days |symptoms, |glucose |>600, |beta |hydroxybutyrate |<3, |urine |
ketones |<2, |ph |normal, |bicarb |more |than |18, |serum |osmolality |300+, |usually |type |2, |10-20% |
mortality |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-characteristics |of |HHS
, massive |fluid |loss |from |osmotic |diuresis |(burns, |hyperglycemia, |diarrhea, |hemodialysis, |
diurectics, |steroids), |heart |attack, |infections, |hypertonic |feedings, |medications |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-causes |of |HHS
hyperosmolar |hyperglycemic |state |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HHS
polydipsia, |polyuria, |weakness, |wt |loss, |hypothermia, |hypotension, |tachycardia, |altered |
sensorium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-clinical |signs |of |HHS
labs |(especially |K+), |rehydrate, |correct |glucose |(insulin), |correct |lytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
treatment |for |HHS
pH |7.3+, |bicarb |18+, |glucose |less |than |250, |osmolality |less |than |300, |urine |output |.5mg/kg/hr,
|improved |cognition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-resolution |of |HHS
type |1 |in |youth, |highest |in |persons |<45, |often |a |cry |for |help |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA |and |
hyperglycemic |crisis
profound |insulin |deficiency; |accounts |for |14% |of |all |hospital |admits |for |T1; |in |young |people |
accounts |for |50% |all |admits; |16% |DM |related |fatalities; |incidence |~2 |episodes |per |100 |pt |years
|of |DM |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA
40% |illness |and |infection; |25% |inadequate |insulin |dosage; |emotional |stress |(especially |with |
teens, |neglect, |mismanagement); |disordered |eating; |pregnancy; |hyperglycemia |inducing |meds;
|insulin |omission |(fear |of |hypo |or |wt |gain); |stress; |can't |afford |insulin; |drug |use |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-DKA |precipitating |factors
glucose |200+, |osmolality |300+, |dehydration, |ph<7.3, |beta-hydoxybutyrate |(3 |mmol/L+), |2+ |
ketones |in |urine, |bicarb |less |than |18 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DKA |labs/presentation
