PCB3023C Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ir0f8a
1. cell: small, membrane bound enclosed unit filled with concentrated aqueous solution and has the ability to create
copies of itself by growing and dividing by 2.
2. solitary cells: simplest forms of life
3. DNA synthesis: replication
DNA stores genetic info, made of nucleotides, replicates itself and transcribed to RNA
4. RNA synthesis: transcription.
made of nucleotides, translated into protein
5. protein synthesis: translation.
made of amino acids
6. gene: provides the cell's instructions.
7. genome: holds all genetic information in its DNA. has instructions for cellular form, function, and complex
behaviors. each cell contains a complete copy of this but different cells express different genes
8. cell theory: cells are the universal building blocks of all living tissues, all organisms consist of one or more cells,
the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms, all cells arise only from preexisting cells
9. cell membrane: lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and defines the boundary of the cell
10. cytoplasm: aqueous solution inside cell membrane. capture energy from sunlight. this has its own DNA,
double membrane (inner and outer membrane)
11. eukaryotic: DNA found in nucleus. contain subcellular structures surrounded by membranes. endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, endosome, peroxisome, mitochondria, chloroplasts. engage in endocytosis and
exocytosis.
12. prokaryotic: no nucleus, no membrane bound structures (organelles). exist in a variety of environments and
shapes and sizes
13. prokaryote: bacteria: "eubacteria" live in normal environments
14. prokaryote: archaea: live in hostile environments
15. nucleus: stores the information of the cell
16. nuclear envelope: double layer of membrane that contains pores for molecules to enter and leave the
nucleus
17. chromosomes: carry DNA
18. mitochondria: generate useable energy from food to power the cell. has its own DNA, this DNA is not found
in the nucleus. have a double layer of membrane. folds are called cristae.
1/9
, PCB3023C Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ir0f8a
19. endosymbiont theory: mitochondria and chloroplasts most likely evolved from engulfed bacteria. it was
likely that they were their own individual cell living on its own which can explain their double membrane and their own
DNA
20. endoplasmic reticulum: assembles cell membrane components. lives close to the nucleus. membrane
is continuous with nuclear envelope. site of synthesis, protein is made and sent to golgi which is sorted and sent out
21. rough er: involved in protein synthesis. covered in ribosomes
22. ribosome: were proteins are made
23. smooth er: synthesizes lipids and phospholipids
24. golgi apparatus: modifies and sorts molecules. pieces pinch off and become vessicles to deliver proteins
to their target location
25. lysosome: molecules are broken down
26. vesicle: carrying things in a cell (think of a taxi). come from plasma membrane and golgi
27. peroxisome: reaction with hydrogen peroxide is located
28. cytosol: site of chemical reaction like glycolosis
29. endocytosis: import
30. exocytosis: export
31. cytoskeleton: responsible for directed cell movements. 3 types: actin (smallest, cell contraction), intermediate
filament (tensile strength), microtubules (mitotic spindles)
32. model organisms: e. coli (gram neg.) , yeast (eukaryotic), common water cress (study plant mechanisms),
nematode (genetic apoptosis), zebra fish (develpment), drosophila (used for genetic studies), mouse
33. fibroblast: connective tissue
34. light microscope: lead to the discovery of cells. fixed specimen, limited resolution. uses colored dyes
35. phase contrast microscope: live specimen, limited resolution. living tissue. allows internal structures
to be discerned
36. flourescence microscope: live or fixed specimen, high resolution. uses flourescent dyes.
37. confocal scanning: higher reolution, 3d
38. electron microscope: uses electrons to image the specimen. TEM scans thru specimen and SEM scans
surface
39. scanning electron microscopy: shows details on surface
40. transmission electron microscopy: shows details within a cell. "look thru a cell" like a slice
41. virus: not a living organism. has genetic material but no enzymes
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ir0f8a
1. cell: small, membrane bound enclosed unit filled with concentrated aqueous solution and has the ability to create
copies of itself by growing and dividing by 2.
2. solitary cells: simplest forms of life
3. DNA synthesis: replication
DNA stores genetic info, made of nucleotides, replicates itself and transcribed to RNA
4. RNA synthesis: transcription.
made of nucleotides, translated into protein
5. protein synthesis: translation.
made of amino acids
6. gene: provides the cell's instructions.
7. genome: holds all genetic information in its DNA. has instructions for cellular form, function, and complex
behaviors. each cell contains a complete copy of this but different cells express different genes
8. cell theory: cells are the universal building blocks of all living tissues, all organisms consist of one or more cells,
the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms, all cells arise only from preexisting cells
9. cell membrane: lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and defines the boundary of the cell
10. cytoplasm: aqueous solution inside cell membrane. capture energy from sunlight. this has its own DNA,
double membrane (inner and outer membrane)
11. eukaryotic: DNA found in nucleus. contain subcellular structures surrounded by membranes. endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome, endosome, peroxisome, mitochondria, chloroplasts. engage in endocytosis and
exocytosis.
12. prokaryotic: no nucleus, no membrane bound structures (organelles). exist in a variety of environments and
shapes and sizes
13. prokaryote: bacteria: "eubacteria" live in normal environments
14. prokaryote: archaea: live in hostile environments
15. nucleus: stores the information of the cell
16. nuclear envelope: double layer of membrane that contains pores for molecules to enter and leave the
nucleus
17. chromosomes: carry DNA
18. mitochondria: generate useable energy from food to power the cell. has its own DNA, this DNA is not found
in the nucleus. have a double layer of membrane. folds are called cristae.
1/9
, PCB3023C Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ir0f8a
19. endosymbiont theory: mitochondria and chloroplasts most likely evolved from engulfed bacteria. it was
likely that they were their own individual cell living on its own which can explain their double membrane and their own
DNA
20. endoplasmic reticulum: assembles cell membrane components. lives close to the nucleus. membrane
is continuous with nuclear envelope. site of synthesis, protein is made and sent to golgi which is sorted and sent out
21. rough er: involved in protein synthesis. covered in ribosomes
22. ribosome: were proteins are made
23. smooth er: synthesizes lipids and phospholipids
24. golgi apparatus: modifies and sorts molecules. pieces pinch off and become vessicles to deliver proteins
to their target location
25. lysosome: molecules are broken down
26. vesicle: carrying things in a cell (think of a taxi). come from plasma membrane and golgi
27. peroxisome: reaction with hydrogen peroxide is located
28. cytosol: site of chemical reaction like glycolosis
29. endocytosis: import
30. exocytosis: export
31. cytoskeleton: responsible for directed cell movements. 3 types: actin (smallest, cell contraction), intermediate
filament (tensile strength), microtubules (mitotic spindles)
32. model organisms: e. coli (gram neg.) , yeast (eukaryotic), common water cress (study plant mechanisms),
nematode (genetic apoptosis), zebra fish (develpment), drosophila (used for genetic studies), mouse
33. fibroblast: connective tissue
34. light microscope: lead to the discovery of cells. fixed specimen, limited resolution. uses colored dyes
35. phase contrast microscope: live specimen, limited resolution. living tissue. allows internal structures
to be discerned
36. flourescence microscope: live or fixed specimen, high resolution. uses flourescent dyes.
37. confocal scanning: higher reolution, 3d
38. electron microscope: uses electrons to image the specimen. TEM scans thru specimen and SEM scans
surface
39. scanning electron microscopy: shows details on surface
40. transmission electron microscopy: shows details within a cell. "look thru a cell" like a slice
41. virus: not a living organism. has genetic material but no enzymes
2/9
