PATH 1000 BOARD EVALUATION 2026
GUARANTEED PASS ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Varicose Veins. Answer: Veins distended, tortuous, and palpable due to
blood pooling, most commonly affecting the saphenous vein. Caused by
trauma or prolonged venous distention from standing. Can lead to
chronic venous insufficiency.
● Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Answer: Blood clot formation in lower
extremities due to venous stasis, endothelial damage, or hypercoagulable
conditions. Can lead to post-thrombotic syndrome and potentially life-
threatening embolism. Risk factors include CVA, shock, MI, CHF,
malignancies, orthopedic surgery, trauma, and prolonged limb
dependency.
● Hypertension. Answer: Sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood
pressure, with risk increasing with age. Diagnosed if average of two or
more blood pressure measurements on 2 or more consecutive visits show
diastolic ≥90 mmHg or systolic ≥140 mmHg.
● Primary Hypertension. Answer: Most common type with no known
cause, involving genetics, environment, blood vessels, kidneys,
sympathetic nervous system, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cycle.
Can be influenced by inflammation, endothelial problems, insulin
resistance, and decreased renal salt excretion.
, ● Secondary Hypertension. Answer: Caused by another disease process
(e.g., kidney disease), leading to complications such as fibrosis,
impaired blood flow, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, CHF, coronary
artery disease, MI, and sudden death.
● Malignant Hypertension. Answer: Rapid progressive hypertension
causing encephalopathy, cerebral edema, organ damage, papilledema,
cardiac failure, uremia, retinopathy, and CVA. An emergency situation.
● Orthostatic Hypotension. Answer: Decrease in both systolic and
diastolic blood pressure upon standing, with acute or chronic (secondary
or idiopathic) manifestations.
● Aneurysms. Answer: Localized dilation of a vessel wall or heart
chamber, with causes including infarcted muscle stretching, aortic stress,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, syphilis, infections, genetic marks, and
collagen/elastin deficiencies.
● Aortic Aneurysms. Answer: Often asymptomatic until rupture, leading
to dysphagia, dyspnea, ischemia, and signs of increased intracranial
pressure. Dissecting aneurysms result from tissue ischemia and necrosis
of smooth muscle.
● Arterial Thrombus Formation. Answer: Clot formation in arteries due
to conditions stimulating the clotting cascade, such as irritation,
inflammation, trauma, infection, low blood pressure, obstructions,
GUARANTEED PASS ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Varicose Veins. Answer: Veins distended, tortuous, and palpable due to
blood pooling, most commonly affecting the saphenous vein. Caused by
trauma or prolonged venous distention from standing. Can lead to
chronic venous insufficiency.
● Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Answer: Blood clot formation in lower
extremities due to venous stasis, endothelial damage, or hypercoagulable
conditions. Can lead to post-thrombotic syndrome and potentially life-
threatening embolism. Risk factors include CVA, shock, MI, CHF,
malignancies, orthopedic surgery, trauma, and prolonged limb
dependency.
● Hypertension. Answer: Sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood
pressure, with risk increasing with age. Diagnosed if average of two or
more blood pressure measurements on 2 or more consecutive visits show
diastolic ≥90 mmHg or systolic ≥140 mmHg.
● Primary Hypertension. Answer: Most common type with no known
cause, involving genetics, environment, blood vessels, kidneys,
sympathetic nervous system, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cycle.
Can be influenced by inflammation, endothelial problems, insulin
resistance, and decreased renal salt excretion.
, ● Secondary Hypertension. Answer: Caused by another disease process
(e.g., kidney disease), leading to complications such as fibrosis,
impaired blood flow, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, CHF, coronary
artery disease, MI, and sudden death.
● Malignant Hypertension. Answer: Rapid progressive hypertension
causing encephalopathy, cerebral edema, organ damage, papilledema,
cardiac failure, uremia, retinopathy, and CVA. An emergency situation.
● Orthostatic Hypotension. Answer: Decrease in both systolic and
diastolic blood pressure upon standing, with acute or chronic (secondary
or idiopathic) manifestations.
● Aneurysms. Answer: Localized dilation of a vessel wall or heart
chamber, with causes including infarcted muscle stretching, aortic stress,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, syphilis, infections, genetic marks, and
collagen/elastin deficiencies.
● Aortic Aneurysms. Answer: Often asymptomatic until rupture, leading
to dysphagia, dyspnea, ischemia, and signs of increased intracranial
pressure. Dissecting aneurysms result from tissue ischemia and necrosis
of smooth muscle.
● Arterial Thrombus Formation. Answer: Clot formation in arteries due
to conditions stimulating the clotting cascade, such as irritation,
inflammation, trauma, infection, low blood pressure, obstructions,
