(AVR) 2026 Exam Questions and
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Upper Airway - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Is comprised of the Nasopharynx, Nasal
cavities, sinuses, Oropharynx, Laryngophayrynx, and Larynx
Lower Airway - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Is comprised of the Trachea, Bronchial tree,
Alveoli, and Lungs
,Support structures of the Airway - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔These structuers are
comprised of the Thoracic cage, Mediastinum, Intercostal muscles and
Acessory muscles, Diaphragm, and Phrenic nerve
Nasopharynx - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Located in the upper pharynx and ends at
the level of the uvula. Air passes though and is lined with cilia to keep
contaminates out of the respiratory tract. The mucos membrane humidfies
and warms the air passing through
Oropharynx - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Begins at the uvula and ends at the epiglottis
and contains the uvula, tonsils, hard and soft plates, and base of the
tongue. Air passes though the mouth into this
laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Begins at the epiglottis
and ends at the esophagus. The epiglottis seperates the digestive and
respiratory by preventing food entering food entering the larynx when
swallowing
Layrnx - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Located anteriorly to the neck and ends at the
trachea. Consit of nine caratliges connected by muscles and ligaments
Thyroid cartalige - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Is the most superpior and biggest.
Contains a laryngeal prominece known as the Adam's apple
, Cricoid cartalige - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Is the most inferior and lowest portion of
the larynx. Only complete ring of cartalige and makes up the first ring of
trachea
Hypoid bone - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Located beneath mandible (lower jaw)
supporting airway by connecting muscles to jaw
Glotis and Vocal cords - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔White bands of thin muscles. The
cords are the narrowist part of the airway in a adult regulating air flow to
and from the lungs to produce speech. Have defensive reflexes to protect
lower airway (spasmedially close to prevent substances from entering
trachea)
Arytoid caratilges - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Pyramid shaped structures the are
essential to voice production
Trachea - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Located anterior to the espohagus, begins at the
border of the cricoid cartalige and ends at bifuracation of the left and right
main stem bronchi (carina). Consist of C shaped caralige allowing air to
travel from larynx to the lungs. Cartalingus rings allow slight collapse
posteriorly to allow food to pass though esophagus, which turn into
bronchial smooth muscles
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