Nurs 1141 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Drug Card
Class: Sulfonylureas
Action: Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells of pancreas
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abdominal cramps
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, blood
dyscrasias, dermatologic reactions
Patients allergic to sulfonamides may be allergic to
sulfonylureas
Interactions: Beta Blocking Agents (May induce hypoglycemia
and mask its effects)
Hyperglycemia: May decrease therapeutic effects;
Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, antibiotics, etc.
Hypoglycemia: May enhance the hypoglycemic effects of
Glipizide; some antibiotics, ethanol, androgen, warfarin,
salicylates, etc
Alcohol: Ingestion of alcoholic beverages during sulfonylurea
therapy may infrequently result in an Antabuse-like
reaction, manifested by facial flushing, pounding headache,
feeling of breathlessness, and nausea.
Repaglinide (Prandin) Drug Card
,Class: Meglitinide
Action: Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells of pancreas
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
CI: No use to type 1 diabetics
Common and serious adverse effect: Hypoglycemia
Nursing Consideration: Skip dose if meal is skipped to avoid
risk of hypoglycemia
Interactions:
May enhance hypoglycemic effects: Sulfonylureas, ethanol,
NSAID's, warfarin, salicylates, etc.
Hyperglycemia: corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, etc.
-Beta Blockers
Pioglitazone (Actos) Drug Card
Class: Thiazolidinediones
Actions: Increase sensitivity of muscle and fat tissue to insulin;
inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, decrease hepatic glucose output
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 DM
Common adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abdominal cramps
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, weight
gain
Interactions:
, Drugs that may cause hypoglycemic effects: Sufonylureas,
ethanol, adrogens, etc
Hyperglycemia: Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives
Beta Blockers
Nursing Considerations: Perform baseline and continuing liver
function tests
-Pre-menopausal women should be counseled that Pioglitazone
may cause a return in ovulation resulting in risk of pregnancy
(do not take ethinyl estradiol, norethindrone)
Acarbose (Precose) Drug Card
Class: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Action: Inhibit pancreatic alpha amylase and GI alpha glucoside
hydrolase enzymes used in the digestion of sugars
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common adverse effects: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
flatulence
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity
Interactions:
Hyperglycemia: Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, etc.
Digestive Enzymes/Intestinal Adsorbents (may reduce effect)
Digoxin (may inhibit the absorption of)
Sitagliptin (Januvia) Drug Card
Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4) Inhibitors
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Drug Card
Class: Sulfonylureas
Action: Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells of pancreas
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abdominal cramps
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, blood
dyscrasias, dermatologic reactions
Patients allergic to sulfonamides may be allergic to
sulfonylureas
Interactions: Beta Blocking Agents (May induce hypoglycemia
and mask its effects)
Hyperglycemia: May decrease therapeutic effects;
Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, antibiotics, etc.
Hypoglycemia: May enhance the hypoglycemic effects of
Glipizide; some antibiotics, ethanol, androgen, warfarin,
salicylates, etc
Alcohol: Ingestion of alcoholic beverages during sulfonylurea
therapy may infrequently result in an Antabuse-like
reaction, manifested by facial flushing, pounding headache,
feeling of breathlessness, and nausea.
Repaglinide (Prandin) Drug Card
,Class: Meglitinide
Action: Stimulate release of insulin from beta cells of pancreas
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
CI: No use to type 1 diabetics
Common and serious adverse effect: Hypoglycemia
Nursing Consideration: Skip dose if meal is skipped to avoid
risk of hypoglycemia
Interactions:
May enhance hypoglycemic effects: Sulfonylureas, ethanol,
NSAID's, warfarin, salicylates, etc.
Hyperglycemia: corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, etc.
-Beta Blockers
Pioglitazone (Actos) Drug Card
Class: Thiazolidinediones
Actions: Increase sensitivity of muscle and fat tissue to insulin;
inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, decrease hepatic glucose output
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 DM
Common adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abdominal cramps
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, weight
gain
Interactions:
, Drugs that may cause hypoglycemic effects: Sufonylureas,
ethanol, adrogens, etc
Hyperglycemia: Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives
Beta Blockers
Nursing Considerations: Perform baseline and continuing liver
function tests
-Pre-menopausal women should be counseled that Pioglitazone
may cause a return in ovulation resulting in risk of pregnancy
(do not take ethinyl estradiol, norethindrone)
Acarbose (Precose) Drug Card
Class: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Action: Inhibit pancreatic alpha amylase and GI alpha glucoside
hydrolase enzymes used in the digestion of sugars
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common adverse effects: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
flatulence
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity
Interactions:
Hyperglycemia: Corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, etc.
Digestive Enzymes/Intestinal Adsorbents (may reduce effect)
Digoxin (may inhibit the absorption of)
Sitagliptin (Januvia) Drug Card
Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4) Inhibitors
