Exam 3: PSY 357/ PSY357 (Latest 2026/
2027 Update) Lifespan Development
Review | Questions & verified Answers|
Grade A|
100% Correct (100 out of 100)- GCU
Be able to identify an accurate description of why it may or may not be important to study
It is important
garden to study garden path sentences bc/ such sentences DO occur in real life, and our
path sentences
language facilities must deal with them
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Theories/hypotheses tested
Syntax first and interactionists approaches
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Task/stimuli used
Participants read different paragraph contexts to introduce a context manipulation
First, participants read a paragraph
Manipulation: some people got this additional paragraph context:
...he gave a tape to his editor and told him to listen to it
And some people got this additional paragraph context:
...he ran a tape for one of his editors, and he showed some photos to the other
,Exam 3: PSY 357/ PSY357 (Latest 2026/
2027 Update) Lifespan Development
Review | Questions & verified Answers|
Grade A|
100% Correct (100 out of 100)- GCU
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Independent/dependent variables used in design
Independent Variable:
Two levels:
1. One editor context
2. Two editor context
Dependent variable:
First pass reading time at "agreed"
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Predictions made by different theories
Interactionist: If readers are given one editor, they get garden pathed, and slowed down at
"agreed"
Syntax first/garden path: no effects of context on reading times; minimal attachment and syntax
operate independently of context
, Exam 3: PSY 357/ PSY357 (Latest 2025/ 2026
Update) Lifespan Development Review |
Questions & verified Answers| Grade A|
100% Correct (100 out of 100)- GCU
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Results of experiment
Results supported the modular, Garden Path Model; no immediate effect of context found at
disambiguating region (agreed)
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Implications for Modularity
Results do not show support for the interactionism side of things
Rather than support the syntax-first/garden path hypothesis and theory
Language must be modular
Understand with good depth how the following studies provide evidence against the Garden Path
Model:
Which specific piece of evidence (i.e., specific finding from a specific language or set of
languages) suggests that Late Closure is not universal? How?
Spanish, Dutch relative clauses attached to NP1. Semantics and context seem to play an early
role in sentence processing (interactionist). Can eliminate syntactic ambiguity effects. Eye
movements reflect that more than syntax used initially
2027 Update) Lifespan Development
Review | Questions & verified Answers|
Grade A|
100% Correct (100 out of 100)- GCU
Be able to identify an accurate description of why it may or may not be important to study
It is important
garden to study garden path sentences bc/ such sentences DO occur in real life, and our
path sentences
language facilities must deal with them
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Theories/hypotheses tested
Syntax first and interactionists approaches
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Task/stimuli used
Participants read different paragraph contexts to introduce a context manipulation
First, participants read a paragraph
Manipulation: some people got this additional paragraph context:
...he gave a tape to his editor and told him to listen to it
And some people got this additional paragraph context:
...he ran a tape for one of his editors, and he showed some photos to the other
,Exam 3: PSY 357/ PSY357 (Latest 2026/
2027 Update) Lifespan Development
Review | Questions & verified Answers|
Grade A|
100% Correct (100 out of 100)- GCU
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Independent/dependent variables used in design
Independent Variable:
Two levels:
1. One editor context
2. Two editor context
Dependent variable:
First pass reading time at "agreed"
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Predictions made by different theories
Interactionist: If readers are given one editor, they get garden pathed, and slowed down at
"agreed"
Syntax first/garden path: no effects of context on reading times; minimal attachment and syntax
operate independently of context
, Exam 3: PSY 357/ PSY357 (Latest 2025/ 2026
Update) Lifespan Development Review |
Questions & verified Answers| Grade A|
100% Correct (100 out of 100)- GCU
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Results of experiment
Results supported the modular, Garden Path Model; no immediate effect of context found at
disambiguating region (agreed)
Regarding the Ferreira & Clifton (1986) experiment: Be able to identify or describe the
following elements:
Implications for Modularity
Results do not show support for the interactionism side of things
Rather than support the syntax-first/garden path hypothesis and theory
Language must be modular
Understand with good depth how the following studies provide evidence against the Garden Path
Model:
Which specific piece of evidence (i.e., specific finding from a specific language or set of
languages) suggests that Late Closure is not universal? How?
Spanish, Dutch relative clauses attached to NP1. Semantics and context seem to play an early
role in sentence processing (interactionist). Can eliminate syntactic ambiguity effects. Eye
movements reflect that more than syntax used initially
