NU 211 FOUNDATIONS EXAM 3 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NU 211 FOUNDATIONS EXAM 3 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Electrical conduction of heart - Answers initiates contraction SA node - Answers pacemaker of heart; 60-100bpm AV node - Answers electrical activity passes through AV node into the left and right bundles of HIS and Purkinje fibers to the ventricles. What will you see if the SA node is damaged and the AV takes over? - Answers Slower heart rate and Arrythmias Arterioles - Answers constrict/dilate to vary the amount of blood flow. Affect blood pressure!! Veins and venules -inelastic! - Answers Fluctuation in blood volume -Blood volume is low, contract -Blood volume is high, relax and enlarge Coronary arteries - Answers -blood supply to heart -fill during diastole Autonomic nervous system - Answers sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers -heart: regulate heart rate and contractility -vascular system: maintain vascular tone Chemoreceptors - Answers -Sensitive to changes in blood pH, O2, CO2 -Send information to the vasomotor center in response to lack of oxygen Brainstem centers - Answers regulate cardiac function and blood pressure Vasomotor center - Answers controls sympathetic stimulation of the heart and vascular system Cardioinhibitory center - Answers controls parasympathetic slowing of the heart rate. Baroreceptors - Answers Sensitive to pressure changes -Carotid arteries -Aortic arch Factors that influence cardiac function - Answers -developmental stage -environment -lifestyle -medications -cardiovascular abnormalities -peripheral vascular abnormalities -oxygen transport abnormalities Cardiovascular assessment - Answers -assessing for risk factors and anxiety -assess pain, fatigue, dyspnea, peripheral circulation -test blood oxygenation (pulse ox, ABGs, capnography) -Lab testing -Cardiac monitoring (ECG) -assess using ABCs: AIRWAY, BREATHING, CIRCULATION Cardiac monitoring - Answers Telemetry: portable device monitoring heart, 1 lead EKG: heart signals, more intensive, can see where MI is, 12 leads Echocardiogram: uses sound waves through heart Nursing interventions used to reduce risk of clot formation in legs - Answers -turning pt frequently/ encourage frequent pt position changes -hydration -SCDs -Ted hose Cardiovascular nursing planning and interventions - Answers Manage anxiety Promote circulation (venous and arterial) Prevent clot formation Administer medication- MONA (morphine, O2, nitro, aspirin) Perform CPR CPR in hospital - Answers CPR immediately after activating alert, AED, know code status focused cardiac assessment - Answers vitals, pain, peripheral circulation (pulses, cap refill), heart sounds, lung sounds, edema, skin condition (color, temp, moisture to make sure perfusing) Diagnostic tests ordered if CHF suspected - Answers 12 lead EKG, ECG, chest xray, cardiac enzymes, bnp levels Wt gain significance - Answers 3lb wt gain in 24 hrs or 5lb wt gain in 1 week. Medications ordered for CHF pt - Answers Need to decrease excess fluid volume so decrease edema by ted hose or SCDs, diuretics, beta blockers to lower HTN and HR What interventions should you administer right away if you have a CHF pt with fluid volume overload? - Answers Give O2, high fowler's position so he can breathe easier, meds, prn meds, call provider. Interventions ordered by provider for MI? - Answers 12 lead EKG, MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitro, aspirin), cardiac enzymes What is the significance of the ST segment changes in a 12-lead EKG? (ST elevation) - Answers Lack of O2 to myocardial tissue, ischemia, death of tissue, heart attack Pt education for a MI - Answers -Nutrition (low sodium, cholesterol, avoid fried foods) -Exercise -No smoking -Decrease stress -Correct med education for nitro (Call 911 if it doesn't work, sit/lay down while taking it, no viagra with nitro, only 3 doses) -Aspirin: check for bruising, no other NSAIDS -movement to prevent blood clots -Follow doctors orders Pt education for HTN related hemorrhagic stroke - Answers -Yearly doctor visits, follow doctors orders, low sodium diet, increased fluid intake, exercise, med education, monitor BP, lose weight, no stress or caffeine Ventilation - Answers movement of air into/out of the lungs Respiration - Answers exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide Lung compliance - Answers ease of inflation Lung elasticity - Answers recoil Respiration- external - Answers oxygen diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries; CO2 diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli to be exhaled Respiration- Internal - Answers @ organ level. O2 diffuses from blood through capillary-cellular membrane into tissue cells, where it is used for metabolism Factors that influence pulmonary function - Answers -Life span and development (premature vs infant) -Environment (stress/allergies) -Lifestyle -Smoking -Meds -Upper Respiratory infections (cold, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, influenza) -lower respiratory infections (RSV, tuberculosis, acute bronchitis) -pulmonary system and circulation abnormalities (prevent atelectasis and PE) -CNS abnormalities -Neuromuscular abnormalities Assessing oxygen status - Answers Breathing patterns, respiratory effort, cough, pulse oximetry, IPPA Eupnea - Answers normal breathing Tachypnea - Answers fast breathing Bradypnea - Answers slow breathing Stridor - Answers high-pitched, harsh, crowing inspiratory sound that occurs due to partial obstruction of the larynx Diagnostic testing for assessing O2 status - Answers Sputum samples, skin testing, pulse ox, capnography (niTitle CO2 measurement), spirometry (peak flow monitoring), ABGs Pulmonary edema SxS - Answers Pink frothy sputum Interventions for optimal oxygenation - Answers -Immunizations/ prevent URIs -Incentive spirometry -Mobilizing secretions through deep breathing, coughing, hydration, chest physiotherapy -O2 therapy -Suctioning What do you do if you have a ventilation problem? - Answers Give O2 What do you do if you have a respiratory problem/ lots of secretions? - Answers Deep breathe and cough Make sure to splint abdominal wounds Use incentive spirometer The American Hospital Association Pt care partnership - Answers pts have the right to make informed decisions about health care Reasons why pt education is important - Answers -Empowers pts -Improves pt compliance -Reduces health complications, hospital readmission, and expenses -Improves pt satisfaction -increasing (nursing) role satisfaction Cognitive domain of learning - Answers Storage and recall of information Psychomotor domain of learning - Answers -Skill that requires both mental and physical activity -Accept and value the skill (the affective domain) as well as know about the skill (cognitive domain) Affective domain of learning - Answers Understanding values and emotions -changing beliefs, attitudes, feelings, values 5 rights of teaching - Answers 1. time 2. context 3. goal 4. content 5. method What is the first step before pt education? - Answers -ASSESS how much the client knows Factors that affect client learning - Answers - Motivation (desire within) - Readiness to learn (motivated and able at a specific time) - Timing - Active involvement