STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 6TH EDITION ACTUAL
EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ The variable manipulated by the experimenter is the ___________
and the measured effect is the ____________. Answer: Independent;
dependent
◉ Respondent discrimination
occurs_____________________________________. Answer: when an
organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to other
similar events
◉ Respondent conditioning involves the transfer of the control of
behavior from ___________ to ______________ . Answer: stimulus;
stimulus
◉ The baseline phase of a reversal design is re-introduced in order to:
Answer: rule out rival explanations for the change in behavior
◉ There are difficulties that may make the reversal design inappropriate
for a given research question. These include: Answer: behavior that may
not return to baseline levels
,◉ To control behavior, one must: Answer: specify the conditions
responsible for producing it
◉ Define respondent extinction Answer: The process pf repeatedly
presenting the conditioned stimulus in absence of the unconditioned
stimulus after pairing. Leads to a decline in the CR and breaks the
association between the US and CS.
◉ To do away with an unwanted CR, one should: Answer: present the
CS without the US
◉ Make up your own basic respondent conditioning paradigm (not one
used in class or extensively in the book). In other words, make up a
respondent conditioning example, identifying the US, UR, CS, CR, NS
Answer: Before conditioning - US is the doorbell
NS is the mail man
UR is the dog running to the door and barking. No response for the NS.
During Conditioning - NS + US = UR dog running to the door and
barking
After conditioning - CS is the mail man elicits CR dog running to the
door and barking
, ◉ Which of the following statement is true of Pavlov and his
contributions?
-He won the Nobel Prize
-He investigated the salivary reflex
-He discovered the conditioned (or conditional) reflex
-All of the above Answer: All of the above
◉ You notice that more pigeons fly around St. Mark's Square ("Piazza
San Marco", Venice, Italy) when people are on the square than when the
square is deserted. After checking that changes in climate and
temperature of the day do not affect the behavior of the pigeons, you
offer the following analysis: People feed the birds and this reinforces
flocking to the square. How would you test this speculation? Imagine
that you are a behavior analyst and you own St. Mark's Square, so you
have complete control over it. Describe how you would design an
experiment to test your speculation and rule out alternative explanations
Answer: I would use the A-B design. First, I would test the time of day
and see when there are more people in St. Marks square are they feeding
the birds. If so, are there more birds during that time. I would do a few
before and after time frames to gather measurements to see if time of the
day matters. If more people means they are feeding the birds then that is
what reinforces the birds to flock to the square.
◉ Suppose the US is an air puff and the UR is an eye blink. Initially,
each US elicits a strong response, but the effectiveness of the US
diminishes across repeated presentations. This is called: Answer:
Habituation
EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ The variable manipulated by the experimenter is the ___________
and the measured effect is the ____________. Answer: Independent;
dependent
◉ Respondent discrimination
occurs_____________________________________. Answer: when an
organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to other
similar events
◉ Respondent conditioning involves the transfer of the control of
behavior from ___________ to ______________ . Answer: stimulus;
stimulus
◉ The baseline phase of a reversal design is re-introduced in order to:
Answer: rule out rival explanations for the change in behavior
◉ There are difficulties that may make the reversal design inappropriate
for a given research question. These include: Answer: behavior that may
not return to baseline levels
,◉ To control behavior, one must: Answer: specify the conditions
responsible for producing it
◉ Define respondent extinction Answer: The process pf repeatedly
presenting the conditioned stimulus in absence of the unconditioned
stimulus after pairing. Leads to a decline in the CR and breaks the
association between the US and CS.
◉ To do away with an unwanted CR, one should: Answer: present the
CS without the US
◉ Make up your own basic respondent conditioning paradigm (not one
used in class or extensively in the book). In other words, make up a
respondent conditioning example, identifying the US, UR, CS, CR, NS
Answer: Before conditioning - US is the doorbell
NS is the mail man
UR is the dog running to the door and barking. No response for the NS.
During Conditioning - NS + US = UR dog running to the door and
barking
After conditioning - CS is the mail man elicits CR dog running to the
door and barking
, ◉ Which of the following statement is true of Pavlov and his
contributions?
-He won the Nobel Prize
-He investigated the salivary reflex
-He discovered the conditioned (or conditional) reflex
-All of the above Answer: All of the above
◉ You notice that more pigeons fly around St. Mark's Square ("Piazza
San Marco", Venice, Italy) when people are on the square than when the
square is deserted. After checking that changes in climate and
temperature of the day do not affect the behavior of the pigeons, you
offer the following analysis: People feed the birds and this reinforces
flocking to the square. How would you test this speculation? Imagine
that you are a behavior analyst and you own St. Mark's Square, so you
have complete control over it. Describe how you would design an
experiment to test your speculation and rule out alternative explanations
Answer: I would use the A-B design. First, I would test the time of day
and see when there are more people in St. Marks square are they feeding
the birds. If so, are there more birds during that time. I would do a few
before and after time frames to gather measurements to see if time of the
day matters. If more people means they are feeding the birds then that is
what reinforces the birds to flock to the square.
◉ Suppose the US is an air puff and the UR is an eye blink. Initially,
each US elicits a strong response, but the effectiveness of the US
diminishes across repeated presentations. This is called: Answer:
Habituation
