PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 3
EXAM | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027
(GRADED A+)- PORTAGE LEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 MODULE
3
1. Hypertension (1–25)
2. Blood Pressure Dynamics (26–50)
3. Renal Role in BP (51–75)
4. Angina & CHF (76–100)
5. Advanced Cardiovascular & CHF Management (101–125)
6. Advanced Cardiovascular Integration & Patient Management (126–150)
Topic 1: Hypertension (25 Questions)
Question 1: Which of the following blood pressures is classified as Stage 2
hypertension?
A. 118/76 mm Hg
B. 125/78 mm Hg
C. 138/86 mm Hg
D. 150/95 mm Hg
Answer: D. 150/95 mm Hg
Rationale: Stage 2 hypertension is defined as a systolic ≥140 mm Hg or
diastolic ≥90 mm Hg. It is often more severe and requires aggressive
management compared to Stage 1.
Question 2: Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because:
A. It always presents with headache
B. It frequently has no symptoms
C. It is easily detected by patients
D. It only affects older adults
,Answer: B. It frequently has no symptoms
Rationale: Many people with hypertension are asymptomatic, which is why
routine screening is essential to prevent organ damage.
Question 3: What is the normal blood pressure range for adults?
A. <120/<80 mm Hg
B. 120–129/<80 mm Hg
C. 130–139/80–89 mm Hg
D. ≥140/90 mm Hg
Answer: A. <120/<80 mm Hg
Rationale: Normal blood pressure is defined as systolic <120 mm Hg and
diastolic <80 mm Hg. Values above this range may indicate elevated BP or
hypertension.
Question 4: Stage 1 hypertension is defined as:
A. 120–129/<80 mm Hg
B. 130–139/80–89 mm Hg
C. ≥140/90 mm Hg
D. <120/<80 mm Hg
Answer: B. 130–139/80–89 mm Hg
Rationale: Stage 1 hypertension falls within these systolic and diastolic
ranges. Early management can prevent progression.
Question 5: Which lifestyle modification is recommended to prevent
hypertension?
A. High sodium intake
B. Sedentary lifestyle
C. Regular exercise
D. Excess alcohol consumption
Answer: C. Regular exercise
Rationale: Physical activity helps reduce blood pressure by improving
cardiovascular fitness, reducing weight, and lowering systemic vascular
resistance.
,Question 6: Which class of drugs is considered first-line therapy for most
patients with hypertension?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Alpha-blockers
D. Nitrates
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are first-line in many patients due to efficacy,
renal protection, and favorable side-effect profile.
Question 7: Hypertension primarily increases the risk of:
A. Skin infections
B. Cardiovascular disease
C. Hearing loss
D. Osteoporosis
Answer: B. Cardiovascular disease
Rationale: Elevated blood pressure strains the heart and vessels, increasing
risk for stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.
Question 8: Which organ is most sensitive to chronic uncontrolled
hypertension?
A. Brain
B. Pancreas
C. Skin
D. Stomach
Answer: A. Brain
Rationale: Hypertension can cause strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and
cognitive decline due to damage to cerebral arteries.
Question 9: Hypertensive urgency differs from emergency in that:
A. Blood pressure is normal
B. No target organ damage is present
C. Patient always has chest pain
D. It requires immediate hospitalization
Answer: B. No target organ damage is present
Rationale: Hypertensive urgency involves severely elevated BP without
, acute organ damage, while emergency includes organ damage and requires
immediate intervention.
Question 10: Which dietary approach is recommended for hypertension
management?
A. High-sugar diet
B. DASH diet
C. Low-protein diet
D. High-fat diet
Answer: B. DASH diet
Rationale: The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and
low sodium to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.
Question 11: Secondary hypertension can be caused by:
A. Chronic kidney disease
B. Excess exercise
C. Low salt intake
D. Normal aging
Answer: A. Chronic kidney disease
Rationale: Secondary hypertension results from identifiable causes like
kidney disease, endocrine disorders, or medications.
Question 12: The most common type of hypertension is:
A. Secondary hypertension
B. Primary (essential) hypertension
C. Malignant hypertension
D. Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: B. Primary (essential) hypertension
Rationale: About 90–95% of hypertension cases are primary, with no
identifiable cause but influenced by genetics and lifestyle.
Question 13: Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with
long-term uncontrolled hypertension?
A. Fatigue and edema
B. Fever and rash
EXAM | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027
(GRADED A+)- PORTAGE LEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 MODULE
3
1. Hypertension (1–25)
2. Blood Pressure Dynamics (26–50)
3. Renal Role in BP (51–75)
4. Angina & CHF (76–100)
5. Advanced Cardiovascular & CHF Management (101–125)
6. Advanced Cardiovascular Integration & Patient Management (126–150)
Topic 1: Hypertension (25 Questions)
Question 1: Which of the following blood pressures is classified as Stage 2
hypertension?
A. 118/76 mm Hg
B. 125/78 mm Hg
C. 138/86 mm Hg
D. 150/95 mm Hg
Answer: D. 150/95 mm Hg
Rationale: Stage 2 hypertension is defined as a systolic ≥140 mm Hg or
diastolic ≥90 mm Hg. It is often more severe and requires aggressive
management compared to Stage 1.
Question 2: Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because:
A. It always presents with headache
B. It frequently has no symptoms
C. It is easily detected by patients
D. It only affects older adults
,Answer: B. It frequently has no symptoms
Rationale: Many people with hypertension are asymptomatic, which is why
routine screening is essential to prevent organ damage.
Question 3: What is the normal blood pressure range for adults?
A. <120/<80 mm Hg
B. 120–129/<80 mm Hg
C. 130–139/80–89 mm Hg
D. ≥140/90 mm Hg
Answer: A. <120/<80 mm Hg
Rationale: Normal blood pressure is defined as systolic <120 mm Hg and
diastolic <80 mm Hg. Values above this range may indicate elevated BP or
hypertension.
Question 4: Stage 1 hypertension is defined as:
A. 120–129/<80 mm Hg
B. 130–139/80–89 mm Hg
C. ≥140/90 mm Hg
D. <120/<80 mm Hg
Answer: B. 130–139/80–89 mm Hg
Rationale: Stage 1 hypertension falls within these systolic and diastolic
ranges. Early management can prevent progression.
Question 5: Which lifestyle modification is recommended to prevent
hypertension?
A. High sodium intake
B. Sedentary lifestyle
C. Regular exercise
D. Excess alcohol consumption
Answer: C. Regular exercise
Rationale: Physical activity helps reduce blood pressure by improving
cardiovascular fitness, reducing weight, and lowering systemic vascular
resistance.
,Question 6: Which class of drugs is considered first-line therapy for most
patients with hypertension?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Alpha-blockers
D. Nitrates
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are first-line in many patients due to efficacy,
renal protection, and favorable side-effect profile.
Question 7: Hypertension primarily increases the risk of:
A. Skin infections
B. Cardiovascular disease
C. Hearing loss
D. Osteoporosis
Answer: B. Cardiovascular disease
Rationale: Elevated blood pressure strains the heart and vessels, increasing
risk for stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.
Question 8: Which organ is most sensitive to chronic uncontrolled
hypertension?
A. Brain
B. Pancreas
C. Skin
D. Stomach
Answer: A. Brain
Rationale: Hypertension can cause strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and
cognitive decline due to damage to cerebral arteries.
Question 9: Hypertensive urgency differs from emergency in that:
A. Blood pressure is normal
B. No target organ damage is present
C. Patient always has chest pain
D. It requires immediate hospitalization
Answer: B. No target organ damage is present
Rationale: Hypertensive urgency involves severely elevated BP without
, acute organ damage, while emergency includes organ damage and requires
immediate intervention.
Question 10: Which dietary approach is recommended for hypertension
management?
A. High-sugar diet
B. DASH diet
C. Low-protein diet
D. High-fat diet
Answer: B. DASH diet
Rationale: The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and
low sodium to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.
Question 11: Secondary hypertension can be caused by:
A. Chronic kidney disease
B. Excess exercise
C. Low salt intake
D. Normal aging
Answer: A. Chronic kidney disease
Rationale: Secondary hypertension results from identifiable causes like
kidney disease, endocrine disorders, or medications.
Question 12: The most common type of hypertension is:
A. Secondary hypertension
B. Primary (essential) hypertension
C. Malignant hypertension
D. Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: B. Primary (essential) hypertension
Rationale: About 90–95% of hypertension cases are primary, with no
identifiable cause but influenced by genetics and lifestyle.
Question 13: Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with
long-term uncontrolled hypertension?
A. Fatigue and edema
B. Fever and rash
