NUR1141 Chapter 2 Pharmacologic Principles Questions
With Complete Solutions
An oral medication may either be? Correct Answers a solid
form (tablet, capsule, powder) or a liquid form (solution or
suspension)
-oral drugs that are liquid are already dissolved and are usually
absorbed more quickly than solid dosage forms
extended-release forms are usually easily identified by various
capital letter abbreviations attached to their names including?
Correct Answers -SR (slow release or sustained release)
-SA (sustained action)
-CR (controlled release)
-XL (extended length)
-XT (extended time)
How are drugs categorized into pharmacologic classes? Correct
Answers according to their physiologic function (beta-
adrenergic blockers) and primary disease states treated
(anticonvulsants, antiinfectives)
How can drugs be injected? Correct Answers -intradermally
-subcutaneously
-intraarterially
-intramuscularly
-intrathecally
-intraarticularly
-intravenously
,intraarterial, intrathecal and intraarticular injections are usually
given by physicians and arnp's.
How can one accommodate a patient that cannot swallow or is
unwilling to swallow a tablet or capsule or someone with an
enteral feeding tube? Correct Answers capsules, powder, or
liquid contents can often be added to soft foods such as
applesauce or pudding, or dissolved in a beverage
granules contained in capsules are usually for extended drug
release and normally should not be crushed or chewed by the
patient. However, they can often be swallowed when sprinkled
on one of the soft foods.
How have dosage forms been developed to encourage patient
adherence with the medication regimen? Correct Answers
Extended-release tablets and capsules. They release the drug
molecules in the patients GI tract over a prolonged period of
time. This prolongs drug absorption and duration.
-opposite of immediate-release dosage forms which release the
drug immediately after dissolution in the GI tract
How is renal excretion accomplished? Correct Answers through
glomerular filtration, active tubular reabsorption, and active
tubular secretion
-free unbound water soluble drugs and metabolites go through
passive glomerular filtration.
-many substances present in the nephrons go through active
reabsorption and are taken back up into the systemic circulation
,and transported away from the kidney. body's attempt to retain
needed substances
How is the absorbed particles transported to the site of action?
Correct Answers blood or lymph
How many half lives does it take to consider a drug effectively
removed from the body? Correct Answers 5- 97% gone - the
3% left is too little to have therapeutic or toxic effects
In enteral drug administration, how is the drug absorbed?
Correct Answers into the systematic circulation through the
mucosa of the stomach and/or small or large intestines
orally administered drugs are absorbed from the intestinal lumen
into the blood system and transported to the liver where hepatic
enzyme systems metabolize it and the remaining ingredients are
passed into the general circulation
See Box 2-1 for drugs to be taken with or without food Correct
Answers See Box 2-1 for drugs to be taken with or without food
See Box 2-2 for drug routes and first pass effects Correct
Answers See Box 2-2 for drug routes and first pass effects
See Box 2-3 for exogenous causes of cancer Correct Answers
See Box 2-3 for exogenous causes of cancer
See figure 2-2 for how these three areas work together Correct
Answers See figure 2-2 for how these three areas work together
, See Figure 2-5 for the processes of filtration, reabsorption and
secretion for urinary elimination Correct Answers See Figure 2-
5 for the processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion for
urinary elimination
See Figure 2-6 for the concepts of onset, peak, duration and
trough Correct Answers See Figure 2-6 for the concepts of
onset, peak, duration and trough
See Figure 2-7 for a diagram of receptor sites Correct Answers
See Figure 2-7 for a diagram of receptor sites
See table 2-1 for various oral drug preparations and the relative
rate at which they are absorbed. Correct Answers See table 2-1
for various oral drug preparations and the relative rate at which
they are absorbed.
See Table 2-10 for examples of drug interactions during each
phase of pharacokinetics Correct Answers See Table 2-10 for
examples of drug interactions during each phase of
pharacokinetics
See Table 2-11 for common poisons and their antidones Correct
Answers See Table 2-11 for common poisons and their
antidones
See Table 2-2 for dosage forms Correct Answers See Table 2-2
for dosage forms
With Complete Solutions
An oral medication may either be? Correct Answers a solid
form (tablet, capsule, powder) or a liquid form (solution or
suspension)
-oral drugs that are liquid are already dissolved and are usually
absorbed more quickly than solid dosage forms
extended-release forms are usually easily identified by various
capital letter abbreviations attached to their names including?
Correct Answers -SR (slow release or sustained release)
-SA (sustained action)
-CR (controlled release)
-XL (extended length)
-XT (extended time)
How are drugs categorized into pharmacologic classes? Correct
Answers according to their physiologic function (beta-
adrenergic blockers) and primary disease states treated
(anticonvulsants, antiinfectives)
How can drugs be injected? Correct Answers -intradermally
-subcutaneously
-intraarterially
-intramuscularly
-intrathecally
-intraarticularly
-intravenously
,intraarterial, intrathecal and intraarticular injections are usually
given by physicians and arnp's.
How can one accommodate a patient that cannot swallow or is
unwilling to swallow a tablet or capsule or someone with an
enteral feeding tube? Correct Answers capsules, powder, or
liquid contents can often be added to soft foods such as
applesauce or pudding, or dissolved in a beverage
granules contained in capsules are usually for extended drug
release and normally should not be crushed or chewed by the
patient. However, they can often be swallowed when sprinkled
on one of the soft foods.
How have dosage forms been developed to encourage patient
adherence with the medication regimen? Correct Answers
Extended-release tablets and capsules. They release the drug
molecules in the patients GI tract over a prolonged period of
time. This prolongs drug absorption and duration.
-opposite of immediate-release dosage forms which release the
drug immediately after dissolution in the GI tract
How is renal excretion accomplished? Correct Answers through
glomerular filtration, active tubular reabsorption, and active
tubular secretion
-free unbound water soluble drugs and metabolites go through
passive glomerular filtration.
-many substances present in the nephrons go through active
reabsorption and are taken back up into the systemic circulation
,and transported away from the kidney. body's attempt to retain
needed substances
How is the absorbed particles transported to the site of action?
Correct Answers blood or lymph
How many half lives does it take to consider a drug effectively
removed from the body? Correct Answers 5- 97% gone - the
3% left is too little to have therapeutic or toxic effects
In enteral drug administration, how is the drug absorbed?
Correct Answers into the systematic circulation through the
mucosa of the stomach and/or small or large intestines
orally administered drugs are absorbed from the intestinal lumen
into the blood system and transported to the liver where hepatic
enzyme systems metabolize it and the remaining ingredients are
passed into the general circulation
See Box 2-1 for drugs to be taken with or without food Correct
Answers See Box 2-1 for drugs to be taken with or without food
See Box 2-2 for drug routes and first pass effects Correct
Answers See Box 2-2 for drug routes and first pass effects
See Box 2-3 for exogenous causes of cancer Correct Answers
See Box 2-3 for exogenous causes of cancer
See figure 2-2 for how these three areas work together Correct
Answers See figure 2-2 for how these three areas work together
, See Figure 2-5 for the processes of filtration, reabsorption and
secretion for urinary elimination Correct Answers See Figure 2-
5 for the processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion for
urinary elimination
See Figure 2-6 for the concepts of onset, peak, duration and
trough Correct Answers See Figure 2-6 for the concepts of
onset, peak, duration and trough
See Figure 2-7 for a diagram of receptor sites Correct Answers
See Figure 2-7 for a diagram of receptor sites
See table 2-1 for various oral drug preparations and the relative
rate at which they are absorbed. Correct Answers See table 2-1
for various oral drug preparations and the relative rate at which
they are absorbed.
See Table 2-10 for examples of drug interactions during each
phase of pharacokinetics Correct Answers See Table 2-10 for
examples of drug interactions during each phase of
pharacokinetics
See Table 2-11 for common poisons and their antidones Correct
Answers See Table 2-11 for common poisons and their
antidones
See Table 2-2 for dosage forms Correct Answers See Table 2-2
for dosage forms
