Bisc 160 exam 1 (Jones) slide notes from lecture || with Certified
Answers.
Scientific Method & Observation correct answers Steps: Observation → Question → Research
→ Hypothesis → Experiment → Data → Conclusion → Communicate
Hypothesis vs Prediction correct answers Hypothesis = testable explanation
("If...then...because...") ; Prediction = expected outcome
Types of Experiments correct answers Controlled: One variable changed, others constant (lab-
based) ; Comparative: Multiple variables, not fully controlled (field-based)
Characteristics of Life correct answers Made of cells, genetic material (DNA), metabolism,
growth & development, reproduction, response to stimuli, homeostasis, evolution
Principles of Life correct answers Structure determines function; unity & diversity due to shared
DNA and evolution
CHNOPS correct answers Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur - essential
elements for life
Bond Types correct answers Covalent: Shared electrons (polar and nonpolar) ; Ionic: Transferred
electrons ; Hydrogen bonds: Weak, between polar molecules ; Van der Waals: Very weak,
temporary charges
Functional Groups correct answers Hydroxyl (-OH): Polar, hydrogen bonding
Functional Groups correct answers Carbonyl (C=O): Reactive, in sugars
Functional Groups correct answers Carboxyl (-COOH): Acidic, donates H⁺
, Functional Groups correct answers Amino (-NH₂): Basic, accepts H⁺
Functional Groups correct answers Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻): High energy, in ATP and nucleic acids
Functional Groups correct answers Sulfhydryl (-SH): Disulfide bonds in proteins
Functional Groups correct answers Methyl (-CH₃): Nonpolar, gene expression
Carbohydrates correct answers Monomer: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
Carbohydrates correct answers Polymers: Disaccharides and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen,
cellulose)
Carbohydrates correct answers Bond: Glycosidic linkage
Carbohydrates correct answers Functions: Energy, storage, structure
Lipids correct answers Components: Glycerol + fatty acids
Lipids correct answers Types: Saturated (no double bonds), unsaturated (double bonds),
phospholipids, steroids
Lipids correct answers Bond: Ester linkage
Lipids correct answers Functions: Long-term energy, membranes, insulation, hormones,
waterproofing
Answers.
Scientific Method & Observation correct answers Steps: Observation → Question → Research
→ Hypothesis → Experiment → Data → Conclusion → Communicate
Hypothesis vs Prediction correct answers Hypothesis = testable explanation
("If...then...because...") ; Prediction = expected outcome
Types of Experiments correct answers Controlled: One variable changed, others constant (lab-
based) ; Comparative: Multiple variables, not fully controlled (field-based)
Characteristics of Life correct answers Made of cells, genetic material (DNA), metabolism,
growth & development, reproduction, response to stimuli, homeostasis, evolution
Principles of Life correct answers Structure determines function; unity & diversity due to shared
DNA and evolution
CHNOPS correct answers Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur - essential
elements for life
Bond Types correct answers Covalent: Shared electrons (polar and nonpolar) ; Ionic: Transferred
electrons ; Hydrogen bonds: Weak, between polar molecules ; Van der Waals: Very weak,
temporary charges
Functional Groups correct answers Hydroxyl (-OH): Polar, hydrogen bonding
Functional Groups correct answers Carbonyl (C=O): Reactive, in sugars
Functional Groups correct answers Carboxyl (-COOH): Acidic, donates H⁺
, Functional Groups correct answers Amino (-NH₂): Basic, accepts H⁺
Functional Groups correct answers Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻): High energy, in ATP and nucleic acids
Functional Groups correct answers Sulfhydryl (-SH): Disulfide bonds in proteins
Functional Groups correct answers Methyl (-CH₃): Nonpolar, gene expression
Carbohydrates correct answers Monomer: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
Carbohydrates correct answers Polymers: Disaccharides and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen,
cellulose)
Carbohydrates correct answers Bond: Glycosidic linkage
Carbohydrates correct answers Functions: Energy, storage, structure
Lipids correct answers Components: Glycerol + fatty acids
Lipids correct answers Types: Saturated (no double bonds), unsaturated (double bonds),
phospholipids, steroids
Lipids correct answers Bond: Ester linkage
Lipids correct answers Functions: Long-term energy, membranes, insulation, hormones,
waterproofing
