BISC 160 TEST 3 SYMULA || GRADED A+.
What is DNA replication described as in regard to energy used? correct answers semi-
conservative
What is the bond between two nucleotides? correct answers phosphodiester bond
Purine Bases: correct answers Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine bases: correct answers thymine and cytosine
Is DNA replication catabolic or anabolic? correct answers anabolic
What is the starting point of replication called? correct answers origin of replication
Which strand (leading or lagging) is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork?
correct answers leading strand
What are okazaki fragments? correct answers Short lengths of single-stranded DNA made on the
lagging strand.
What type of bond does helicase separate? correct answers hydrogen bonds between DNA
strands
What is at the end of the 5' end of DNA? correct answers phosphate group
What are the components (and their functions) necessary to DNA replication? correct answers
Replication fork
primer binding - primers are built from DNA polymerase
,elongation - enzymes (DNA polymerases) are responsible for this step
termination - removal of all primer and DNA ligase binds Okazaki fragments and telomerase
completes the synthesis of DNA by acting as a cap.
Which of the base pairs would be harder to split and why, A-T or G-C? correct answers
Which of the strands (leading or lagging) would use more RNA primer? Why? correct answers
What enzymes are required to catalyze DNA replication? correct answers DNA helicase
DNA primase
DNA polymerase
DNA gyrase
Exonucleases
DNA ligase
___________________
occur in the body cells of a multicellular organism. These mutations are passed on to the
daughter cells during mitosis, and in turn to the offspring of those cells. For example, a mutation
in a single skin cell could result in a patch of skin cells that all have the same mutation. However,
___________________ are not passed on to sexually produced offspring. (Exceptions occur in
plants, where germline cells can arise from body cells and thus pass on ___________________.)
correct answers Somatic mutations
______________________
occur in the cells of the specialized cells that give rise to gametes (the eggs and sperm of sexual
reproduction). A gamete with the mutation passes it on to a new organism at fertilization correct
answers Germline mutations
Different phenotypic effects of mutations correct answers
, _________________ do not affect gene function. They can be mutations in DNA that is not
expressed, or mutations within an expressed region that do not have any effect on the encoded
protein. Most mutations in large genomes are _________________. correct answers silent
mutations
Loss-of-function mutations correct answers can result in either the loss of expression of a gene or
in the production of a nonfunctional protein or RNA.
Some ______________ mutations prevent a gene from being transcribed or cause transcription
to terminate too soon. correct answers loss-of-function
In other cases the gene is transcribed and translated, but the resulting protein no longer works as
a structural protein or enzyme correct answers loss-of-function mutation
almost always show recessive inheritance in a diploid organism, because the presence of one
wild-type allele usually results in sufficient functional protein for the cell correct answers loss-
of-function mutation
For example, the wrinkled seed phenotype studied by Mendel is due to a
recessive______________________ in the gene for starch branching enzyme 1 correct answers
loss-of-function mutation
____________________ mutations lead to a protein with an altered function correct answers
Gain-of-function
_________________ usually shows dominant inheritance, because the presence of the wild-type
allele does not prevent the mutant allele from functioning correct answers Gain-of-function
mutation
Mutation common in cancer correct answers Gain-of-function mutation
What is DNA replication described as in regard to energy used? correct answers semi-
conservative
What is the bond between two nucleotides? correct answers phosphodiester bond
Purine Bases: correct answers Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine bases: correct answers thymine and cytosine
Is DNA replication catabolic or anabolic? correct answers anabolic
What is the starting point of replication called? correct answers origin of replication
Which strand (leading or lagging) is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork?
correct answers leading strand
What are okazaki fragments? correct answers Short lengths of single-stranded DNA made on the
lagging strand.
What type of bond does helicase separate? correct answers hydrogen bonds between DNA
strands
What is at the end of the 5' end of DNA? correct answers phosphate group
What are the components (and their functions) necessary to DNA replication? correct answers
Replication fork
primer binding - primers are built from DNA polymerase
,elongation - enzymes (DNA polymerases) are responsible for this step
termination - removal of all primer and DNA ligase binds Okazaki fragments and telomerase
completes the synthesis of DNA by acting as a cap.
Which of the base pairs would be harder to split and why, A-T or G-C? correct answers
Which of the strands (leading or lagging) would use more RNA primer? Why? correct answers
What enzymes are required to catalyze DNA replication? correct answers DNA helicase
DNA primase
DNA polymerase
DNA gyrase
Exonucleases
DNA ligase
___________________
occur in the body cells of a multicellular organism. These mutations are passed on to the
daughter cells during mitosis, and in turn to the offspring of those cells. For example, a mutation
in a single skin cell could result in a patch of skin cells that all have the same mutation. However,
___________________ are not passed on to sexually produced offspring. (Exceptions occur in
plants, where germline cells can arise from body cells and thus pass on ___________________.)
correct answers Somatic mutations
______________________
occur in the cells of the specialized cells that give rise to gametes (the eggs and sperm of sexual
reproduction). A gamete with the mutation passes it on to a new organism at fertilization correct
answers Germline mutations
Different phenotypic effects of mutations correct answers
, _________________ do not affect gene function. They can be mutations in DNA that is not
expressed, or mutations within an expressed region that do not have any effect on the encoded
protein. Most mutations in large genomes are _________________. correct answers silent
mutations
Loss-of-function mutations correct answers can result in either the loss of expression of a gene or
in the production of a nonfunctional protein or RNA.
Some ______________ mutations prevent a gene from being transcribed or cause transcription
to terminate too soon. correct answers loss-of-function
In other cases the gene is transcribed and translated, but the resulting protein no longer works as
a structural protein or enzyme correct answers loss-of-function mutation
almost always show recessive inheritance in a diploid organism, because the presence of one
wild-type allele usually results in sufficient functional protein for the cell correct answers loss-
of-function mutation
For example, the wrinkled seed phenotype studied by Mendel is due to a
recessive______________________ in the gene for starch branching enzyme 1 correct answers
loss-of-function mutation
____________________ mutations lead to a protein with an altered function correct answers
Gain-of-function
_________________ usually shows dominant inheritance, because the presence of the wild-type
allele does not prevent the mutant allele from functioning correct answers Gain-of-function
mutation
Mutation common in cancer correct answers Gain-of-function mutation
