LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, IKORODU
COLLEGE OF BASIC SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
LABORATORY MANUAL
FOR
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS V
(PHY 317)
, CONTENTS
Experiment One: Vacuum Tubes
Experiment Two: Investigation of Semiconductor Diode Characteristics and Applications as
Limiter and Clamper Circuits
Experiment Three: Zener Diode Characteristics and its Application as a Voltage Regulator
Experiment Four: Study of Half-wave, Full-wave, and Bridge Rectification using
Semiconductor Diodes
Experiment Five: Study of Transistor Characteristics in Common Emitter, Common Base, and
Common Collector Configurations
Experiment Six: Study of Characteristics of FET and MOSFET Semiconductor Devices
Experiment Seven: Study of Class A, Class B, and Class AB Power Amplifiers
Experiment Eight: Study of Positive and Negative Feedback in Electronic Amplifier Circuits
, EXPERIMENT ONE
VACUUM TUBES
AIM: To identify the different types of vacuum tubes and to determine the static characteristics
of a triode under various operating conditions in order to understand their structure, operation,
and performance in electronic circuits.
MATERIALS: Vacuum tubes (diode, triode, tetrode, pentode), Triode tube, Fixed resistors,
Variable resistor (potentiometer), Power supply, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Signal generator,
Oscilloscope, Connecting wires
DIAGRAM:
THEORY
Vacuum tubes, also known as electron tubes or valves, are electronic devices that control the
flow of electrons in a vacuum. They were first developed by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904
and played a major role in the development of early electronic systems such as radios,
televisions, radar equipment, and computers.
A vacuum tube consists of electrodes enclosed in an evacuated glass envelope. The basic types
include the diode (two electrodes), triode (three electrodes), tetrode (four electrodes), and
pentode (five electrodes). Each type performs different functions ranging from rectification to
amplification.
The triode is one of the most important vacuum tubes used for amplification. It consists of three
main electrodes:
• Cathode – emits electrons when heated
• Anode (plate) – attracts electrons
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, IKORODU
COLLEGE OF BASIC SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
LABORATORY MANUAL
FOR
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS V
(PHY 317)
, CONTENTS
Experiment One: Vacuum Tubes
Experiment Two: Investigation of Semiconductor Diode Characteristics and Applications as
Limiter and Clamper Circuits
Experiment Three: Zener Diode Characteristics and its Application as a Voltage Regulator
Experiment Four: Study of Half-wave, Full-wave, and Bridge Rectification using
Semiconductor Diodes
Experiment Five: Study of Transistor Characteristics in Common Emitter, Common Base, and
Common Collector Configurations
Experiment Six: Study of Characteristics of FET and MOSFET Semiconductor Devices
Experiment Seven: Study of Class A, Class B, and Class AB Power Amplifiers
Experiment Eight: Study of Positive and Negative Feedback in Electronic Amplifier Circuits
, EXPERIMENT ONE
VACUUM TUBES
AIM: To identify the different types of vacuum tubes and to determine the static characteristics
of a triode under various operating conditions in order to understand their structure, operation,
and performance in electronic circuits.
MATERIALS: Vacuum tubes (diode, triode, tetrode, pentode), Triode tube, Fixed resistors,
Variable resistor (potentiometer), Power supply, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Signal generator,
Oscilloscope, Connecting wires
DIAGRAM:
THEORY
Vacuum tubes, also known as electron tubes or valves, are electronic devices that control the
flow of electrons in a vacuum. They were first developed by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904
and played a major role in the development of early electronic systems such as radios,
televisions, radar equipment, and computers.
A vacuum tube consists of electrodes enclosed in an evacuated glass envelope. The basic types
include the diode (two electrodes), triode (three electrodes), tetrode (four electrodes), and
pentode (five electrodes). Each type performs different functions ranging from rectification to
amplification.
The triode is one of the most important vacuum tubes used for amplification. It consists of three
main electrodes:
• Cathode – emits electrons when heated
• Anode (plate) – attracts electrons
