NURS 1141 Pharm : Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
A patient has been taking an oral corticosteroid to treat
inflammation of the respiratory tract. The patient questions the
nurse who is administering a dose of insulin. The nurse should
respond:
a)"Your healthcare provider wants you to take this to prevent
diabetes."
b)"Your pancreas is no longer functioning and you need
insulin."
c)"Your respiratory tract inflammation has caused you to be
diabetic."
d)"Corticosteroids frequently cause your blood sugar increase."
Correct Answers d)a)"Corticosteroids frequently cause your
blood sugar increase."
rationale: corticosteroids do cause an increase in blood sugar,
requiring insulin to lower the blood sugar level. Given an
injection of insulin will not prevent diabetes. There's no
indication that the patient's pancreas is not functioning and
corticosteroids do not cause pancreatic failure respiratory tract
inflammation does not cause diabetes
Alpha-Adrenergic Agents Correct Answers phenylephrine
(Altafrin)
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors Correct Answers Acarbose
(Precose)
,Action: inhibit pancreatic alpha-amylase and gastrointestinal
alpha-glucoside hydrolase enzymes used in the digestion of
sugars. (decrease BS levels by decreasing glucose absorption in
the GI tract.)
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common adverse effects: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
flatulence
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity
contraindications: GI disorder
-Treatment should be initiated with oral dextrose (Glutose)
because its metabolism is not blocked by acarbose or miglitol.
Do not use sucrose (table sugar) because its metabolism is
blocked by acarbose and miglitol.
outcome: delayed glucose absorption and a lowering of
postprandial hyperglycemia(take w the first bite of food)
Premedication assessment: If the patient is also receiving an oral
hypoglycemic agent or insulin therapy, ensure that the dosages
of these medications are well adjusted before starting acarbose
or miglitol therapy.
2. Review the patient's history to ensure that there is no
gastrointestinal malabsorption syndrome or obstruction present.
3. Review the patient's medical history to ensure that no liver
abnormalities are present before starting acarbose.
Antacids Correct Answers -neutralizes the acids in the stomach
, DRUG: Milk of Magnesia
Indication: relieve discomfort of conditions such as heartburn in
GERD or to help peptic ulcers ,excessive eating and drinking.
Side effects: Chalky taste
Serious adverse effects: Diarrhea, constipation
antidiarrheals Correct Answers -Pepto Bismol (absorbent)
- diphenoxylate with atropine: lomotil (Opioids)
-lactinex (Probiotic)
-imodium A-D (Opiates)
effects:Abdominal distention, nausea, constipation, Stool and
tongue discoloration (grayish black)
serious adverse effects: Prolonged or worsened diarrhea
Antihypoglycemic Agents Correct Answers Drug: Glucagon
Action: Breaks down stored glycogen to glucose
Use: Treatment of severe hypoglycemic reactions when
unconscious
outcome: elimination of symptoms associated with
hypoglycemia
Solutions
A patient has been taking an oral corticosteroid to treat
inflammation of the respiratory tract. The patient questions the
nurse who is administering a dose of insulin. The nurse should
respond:
a)"Your healthcare provider wants you to take this to prevent
diabetes."
b)"Your pancreas is no longer functioning and you need
insulin."
c)"Your respiratory tract inflammation has caused you to be
diabetic."
d)"Corticosteroids frequently cause your blood sugar increase."
Correct Answers d)a)"Corticosteroids frequently cause your
blood sugar increase."
rationale: corticosteroids do cause an increase in blood sugar,
requiring insulin to lower the blood sugar level. Given an
injection of insulin will not prevent diabetes. There's no
indication that the patient's pancreas is not functioning and
corticosteroids do not cause pancreatic failure respiratory tract
inflammation does not cause diabetes
Alpha-Adrenergic Agents Correct Answers phenylephrine
(Altafrin)
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors Correct Answers Acarbose
(Precose)
,Action: inhibit pancreatic alpha-amylase and gastrointestinal
alpha-glucoside hydrolase enzymes used in the digestion of
sugars. (decrease BS levels by decreasing glucose absorption in
the GI tract.)
Use: Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common adverse effects: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
flatulence
Serious adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity
contraindications: GI disorder
-Treatment should be initiated with oral dextrose (Glutose)
because its metabolism is not blocked by acarbose or miglitol.
Do not use sucrose (table sugar) because its metabolism is
blocked by acarbose and miglitol.
outcome: delayed glucose absorption and a lowering of
postprandial hyperglycemia(take w the first bite of food)
Premedication assessment: If the patient is also receiving an oral
hypoglycemic agent or insulin therapy, ensure that the dosages
of these medications are well adjusted before starting acarbose
or miglitol therapy.
2. Review the patient's history to ensure that there is no
gastrointestinal malabsorption syndrome or obstruction present.
3. Review the patient's medical history to ensure that no liver
abnormalities are present before starting acarbose.
Antacids Correct Answers -neutralizes the acids in the stomach
, DRUG: Milk of Magnesia
Indication: relieve discomfort of conditions such as heartburn in
GERD or to help peptic ulcers ,excessive eating and drinking.
Side effects: Chalky taste
Serious adverse effects: Diarrhea, constipation
antidiarrheals Correct Answers -Pepto Bismol (absorbent)
- diphenoxylate with atropine: lomotil (Opioids)
-lactinex (Probiotic)
-imodium A-D (Opiates)
effects:Abdominal distention, nausea, constipation, Stool and
tongue discoloration (grayish black)
serious adverse effects: Prolonged or worsened diarrhea
Antihypoglycemic Agents Correct Answers Drug: Glucagon
Action: Breaks down stored glycogen to glucose
Use: Treatment of severe hypoglycemic reactions when
unconscious
outcome: elimination of symptoms associated with
hypoglycemia
