NUR 141 - Perfusion I Questions With Complete Solutions
heart (1 heart)
Beta 1 receptor location
lungs (2 lungs)
Beta 2 receptor location
constriction
alpha receptors cause...
dilation
beta receptors cause...
propranolol
beta blocker prototype
PT for Antihypertenisve Drugs
- Continue lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure, even
when start medication
- Antihypertensive drug therapy is usually long term and may
include multiple medications
- Do not stop antihypertensives suddenly. Speak with provider
before stopping medications
- Be careful when rising from a lying or sitting position to
prevent dizziness or fainting from orthostatic hypotension
- Take medication about the same time everyday
,- Captopril should be taken on an empty stomach as food
decreases absorption, most other medications should be taken
with food to decrease GI symptoms.
- Talk to provider before using salt substitutes
- Women of child-bearing age should utilize effective birth
control
Digoxin
MOA:
- Inhibits the NaK+ pump
- Inc. contractility and pumping ability
- Inc. force of contractility
- Slows rate of ventricular contraction
- Decreases compensatory tachycardia from SNS response to
inadequate circulation
Indications:
- Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
- Heart Failure (2nd Line)
Narrow therapeutic index - monitoring needed
AE:
- Headache, dizziness
- N/V , loss of appetite
- Hypotension
,- GI disturbances, abd discomfort
- CNS changes
- Vision changes, color perception, blurred vision
- Digoxin toxicity, >2ng/ml = discontinue
-- Life-threatening dysrhythmias
-- Slow to rapid heart rate
--PVC
--Potentiated by hypokalemia
--N/V, visual disturbances
Interactions/CI:
- Na/K+ channel blockers (Quinidine,
Amiodarone)
- Beta Blockers
- K+ depleting drugs/diuretics
- Ginseng
- St. John’s Wort
- Myocarditis
- Dysrhythmias, Vtach, Vfib, 2nd & 3rd degree heart blocks
- MI
- Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia
Admin:
, - Oral (0.125 - 0.25 mg/day)
- Drug level monitoring
NC/PT:
- Pre-admin assessment
--HR (<60 in adults, hold)
- education on AE and report to MD
- Never stop/discontinue abruptly
- avoid alcohol, caffeine, tobacco
- careful with drug calc.
automaticity
hearts ability to generate an electrical impulse
excitability
the ease in which cardiac cells respond to electrical stimulus
conductivity
The electrical system that controls the heart rate. This system
generates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the
muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump
blood
action potential
changes in voltage, electrical stimulation created by a sequence
of ion fluxes through specialized channels in the membrane
(sarcolemma) of cardiomyocytes that leads to cardiac
contraction
heart (1 heart)
Beta 1 receptor location
lungs (2 lungs)
Beta 2 receptor location
constriction
alpha receptors cause...
dilation
beta receptors cause...
propranolol
beta blocker prototype
PT for Antihypertenisve Drugs
- Continue lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure, even
when start medication
- Antihypertensive drug therapy is usually long term and may
include multiple medications
- Do not stop antihypertensives suddenly. Speak with provider
before stopping medications
- Be careful when rising from a lying or sitting position to
prevent dizziness or fainting from orthostatic hypotension
- Take medication about the same time everyday
,- Captopril should be taken on an empty stomach as food
decreases absorption, most other medications should be taken
with food to decrease GI symptoms.
- Talk to provider before using salt substitutes
- Women of child-bearing age should utilize effective birth
control
Digoxin
MOA:
- Inhibits the NaK+ pump
- Inc. contractility and pumping ability
- Inc. force of contractility
- Slows rate of ventricular contraction
- Decreases compensatory tachycardia from SNS response to
inadequate circulation
Indications:
- Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
- Heart Failure (2nd Line)
Narrow therapeutic index - monitoring needed
AE:
- Headache, dizziness
- N/V , loss of appetite
- Hypotension
,- GI disturbances, abd discomfort
- CNS changes
- Vision changes, color perception, blurred vision
- Digoxin toxicity, >2ng/ml = discontinue
-- Life-threatening dysrhythmias
-- Slow to rapid heart rate
--PVC
--Potentiated by hypokalemia
--N/V, visual disturbances
Interactions/CI:
- Na/K+ channel blockers (Quinidine,
Amiodarone)
- Beta Blockers
- K+ depleting drugs/diuretics
- Ginseng
- St. John’s Wort
- Myocarditis
- Dysrhythmias, Vtach, Vfib, 2nd & 3rd degree heart blocks
- MI
- Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia
Admin:
, - Oral (0.125 - 0.25 mg/day)
- Drug level monitoring
NC/PT:
- Pre-admin assessment
--HR (<60 in adults, hold)
- education on AE and report to MD
- Never stop/discontinue abruptly
- avoid alcohol, caffeine, tobacco
- careful with drug calc.
automaticity
hearts ability to generate an electrical impulse
excitability
the ease in which cardiac cells respond to electrical stimulus
conductivity
The electrical system that controls the heart rate. This system
generates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the
muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump
blood
action potential
changes in voltage, electrical stimulation created by a sequence
of ion fluxes through specialized channels in the membrane
(sarcolemma) of cardiomyocytes that leads to cardiac
contraction
