Cardiovascular & Hematology
1. A patient with Chronic Heart Failure is prescribed Enalapril. Which lab value should the nurse monitor
most closely?
A) Serum Sodium
B) Serum Potassium
C) Serum Calcium
D) Serum Magnesium
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by suppressing aldosterone.
2. A nurse is assessing a patient with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Which finding requires immediate
intervention?
A) Calf pain with dorsiflexion.
B) Unilateral edema of the lower extremity.
C) Sudden onset of shortness of breath and agitation.
D) Warmth and redness over the affected area.
Answer: C. Suggests Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
3. (SATA) Which of the following are signs of Left-Sided Heart Failure?
[ ] A) Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)
[ ] B) Crackles in lung bases
[ ] C) Orthopnea
[ ] D) Peripheral edema
[ ] E) Dyspnea on exertion
Answer: B, C, E. Left-sided failure affects the lungs (Pulmonary). A and D are Right-sided.
4. The nurse is monitoring a patient on a Heparin drip. The aPTT is 110 seconds (Control: 30-40). What is
the priority action?
A) Increase the infusion rate.
B) Stop the infusion and prepare Protamine Sulfate.
C) Document the finding as therapeutic.
, D) Draw a PT/INR.
Answer: B. Normal therapeutic aPTT is 1.5–2.5 \times control. 110 is critically high (risk of bleed).
5. A patient presents with "crushing" chest pain. The ECG shows ST-segment depression in leads II, III,
and aVF. The nurse interprets this as:
A) Myocardial Infarction (Cell death)
B) Myocardial Ischemia (Lack of oxygen)
C) Normal aging process
D) Pericarditis
Answer: B. ST depression = Ischemia; ST elevation = Infarction
Respiratory & Perioperative
6. Which acid-base imbalance is expected in a patient with an acute COPD exacerbation?
A) Metabolic Alkalosis
B) Respiratory Alkalosis
C) Respiratory Acidosis
D) Metabolic Acidosis
Answer: C. CO_2 retention leads to a drop in pH.
1. A patient with Chronic Heart Failure is prescribed Enalapril. Which lab value should the nurse monitor
most closely?
A) Serum Sodium
B) Serum Potassium
C) Serum Calcium
D) Serum Magnesium
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by suppressing aldosterone.
2. A nurse is assessing a patient with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Which finding requires immediate
intervention?
A) Calf pain with dorsiflexion.
B) Unilateral edema of the lower extremity.
C) Sudden onset of shortness of breath and agitation.
D) Warmth and redness over the affected area.
Answer: C. Suggests Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
3. (SATA) Which of the following are signs of Left-Sided Heart Failure?
[ ] A) Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)
[ ] B) Crackles in lung bases
[ ] C) Orthopnea
[ ] D) Peripheral edema
[ ] E) Dyspnea on exertion
Answer: B, C, E. Left-sided failure affects the lungs (Pulmonary). A and D are Right-sided.
4. The nurse is monitoring a patient on a Heparin drip. The aPTT is 110 seconds (Control: 30-40). What is
the priority action?
A) Increase the infusion rate.
B) Stop the infusion and prepare Protamine Sulfate.
C) Document the finding as therapeutic.
, D) Draw a PT/INR.
Answer: B. Normal therapeutic aPTT is 1.5–2.5 \times control. 110 is critically high (risk of bleed).
5. A patient presents with "crushing" chest pain. The ECG shows ST-segment depression in leads II, III,
and aVF. The nurse interprets this as:
A) Myocardial Infarction (Cell death)
B) Myocardial Ischemia (Lack of oxygen)
C) Normal aging process
D) Pericarditis
Answer: B. ST depression = Ischemia; ST elevation = Infarction
Respiratory & Perioperative
6. Which acid-base imbalance is expected in a patient with an acute COPD exacerbation?
A) Metabolic Alkalosis
B) Respiratory Alkalosis
C) Respiratory Acidosis
D) Metabolic Acidosis
Answer: C. CO_2 retention leads to a drop in pH.
