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BIOL 3100 - MICROBIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW- TURCO 2026 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
What is the human microbiome?
the collection of all the microorganisms living in association with
the human body
Why is the human microbiome important?
In charge of the immune system and others, disruption may cause
autoimmune diseases.
It will help initiate protection against pathogens
How does Infectious Diseases Spread?
Horizontal Transmission
Vertical Transmission
Horizontal Transmission
Indirect:
Food, Water, Air, and vectors
Direct:
Contact (STD) or Droplets
Vertical Transmission
Mother to fetus/ infant during birth
What is virulence?
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degree of pathogenicity/ ability to cause disease
Mechanism of pathogenesis
Enter host. > Adhere to host tissue/cells > Colonize and invade
host tissue/cells > Cause damage to host > Exit host and survive
example of A-B exotoxins
Botulinum Toxin, Tetanus Toxin
What is botulinum toxin?
Also known as botox is an injection that has neuromuscular-
blocking serum which reduces the appearance of facial wrinkles
by blocking the release of "ACETYLCHOLINE"
What is tetanus toxin?
Tetanospasmin
Neurotoxin that causes paralysis by binding to motor nerve
endings; blocking the release of neurotransmitter for muscular
contraction inhibition; muscles contract uncontrollably
What is HIV?
human immunodeficiency virus
(Virus that infects the immune system)
What is AIDS?
Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome
What are Kaposi's sarcoma?
Cancer of cells lining the blood vessel and is characterized by
purple splothes on the skin.
It is frequent disease in AIDS patients.
BIOL 3100 - MICROBIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW- TURCO 2026 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
What is the human microbiome?
the collection of all the microorganisms living in association with
the human body
Why is the human microbiome important?
In charge of the immune system and others, disruption may cause
autoimmune diseases.
It will help initiate protection against pathogens
How does Infectious Diseases Spread?
Horizontal Transmission
Vertical Transmission
Horizontal Transmission
Indirect:
Food, Water, Air, and vectors
Direct:
Contact (STD) or Droplets
Vertical Transmission
Mother to fetus/ infant during birth
What is virulence?
, Page | 2
degree of pathogenicity/ ability to cause disease
Mechanism of pathogenesis
Enter host. > Adhere to host tissue/cells > Colonize and invade
host tissue/cells > Cause damage to host > Exit host and survive
example of A-B exotoxins
Botulinum Toxin, Tetanus Toxin
What is botulinum toxin?
Also known as botox is an injection that has neuromuscular-
blocking serum which reduces the appearance of facial wrinkles
by blocking the release of "ACETYLCHOLINE"
What is tetanus toxin?
Tetanospasmin
Neurotoxin that causes paralysis by binding to motor nerve
endings; blocking the release of neurotransmitter for muscular
contraction inhibition; muscles contract uncontrollably
What is HIV?
human immunodeficiency virus
(Virus that infects the immune system)
What is AIDS?
Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome
What are Kaposi's sarcoma?
Cancer of cells lining the blood vessel and is characterized by
purple splothes on the skin.
It is frequent disease in AIDS patients.
