DM1 101 Radiation History, Safety, and Physics: Discovery of X-Rays by Wilhelm
Roentgen (1895), Early Radiation Injuries and High-Risk Factors, Radiation-
Induced Conditions (Aplastic Anemia, Erythema), Downwinders and Nuclear
Testing, Radium Use in Medicine and Consumer Products, Radiation Units and
Measurements (SI Units, Absorbed Dose, KERMA), Radiation Types and
Properties (Electromagnetic vs. Particulate, X-Rays, Gamma Rays, Alpha and
Beta Particles), Mechanisms of Ionization and Ion Pair Formation,
Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic X-Rays, Atomic Structure (Atomic Number,
Mass, Isotopes, Binding Energy), Radiation Exposure (Cosmic, Terrestrial,
Internal, Man-Made), Radiation Protection Principles (ICRP, NCRP, Benefit vs.
Risk), Radiation in Medical Imaging (Fluoroscopy, CT, Industrial/Occupational
Exposure), Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Relative Biological Effectiveness
(RBE), and Occupational Dose Calculations Exam Questions Verified and
Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Who discovered x-rays and when?
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in Germany on November 8, 1895.
Why did most early victims of excessive radiation exposure suffer injuries and often death?
Since the early scientists did not understand the biological risks associated with radiation, many
patients were being exposed to incredibly high doses of radiation.
Can you list the four reasons for the high number of radiation injuries prior to 1925?
Low energy x-rays, Short distance between radiation source and patient, Low efficiency
intensification screens, Dealing with the "unknown"
,Which body system is affected with aplastic anemia?
It is a condition that produces a reduction of red blood cells due to damage to the red bone
marrow
What is a down winder?
The term, down winder, was first given to victims in St. George. These were those who
experienced radiation exposure from radiation which was released in the atmosphere and
carried to another geographical location.
SID
Source to Image distance
ICRP
International Council on Radiation Protection, ICRP formed in 1928. It is a committee made up
of scientists, physicians, and other experts that examine radiation safety risks and hazards.
NRCP
The National Council of Radiation Protection or NCRP was charted by the US Congress in 1964.
Working with the ICRP, the NCRP publishes reports with recommendations for the safe use of
radiation. Many of the NCRP reports serve as the standard for radiation safety in the medical
imaging sciences.
, Who is considered as the "patron saint of radiation protection?"
The "patron saint of radiation safety" is William Rollins. Rollins, a scientist, became suspicious of
the potential hazards related to radiation
Henri Becquerel
was a leading expert in theories of radioactivity at the turn of the century. His theories and
research into radioactivity opened up many scientific doors.
Marie Curie
is considered a pioneer in the study of radium. Her researches into radium lead to many
benefits to society, science, and medicine.
Thomas Edison
created the first real-time or live x-ray-imaging device, termed a fluoroscope. Edison's
fluoroscope or Vitiscope produced continuous x-ray emission that enabled the viewer to see
dynamic function or motion within the body through a special viewing screen.
William Rollins
became suspicious of the potential hazards related to radiation and conducted an experiment
with two groups of guinea pigs.
Who discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895?
Roentgen (1895), Early Radiation Injuries and High-Risk Factors, Radiation-
Induced Conditions (Aplastic Anemia, Erythema), Downwinders and Nuclear
Testing, Radium Use in Medicine and Consumer Products, Radiation Units and
Measurements (SI Units, Absorbed Dose, KERMA), Radiation Types and
Properties (Electromagnetic vs. Particulate, X-Rays, Gamma Rays, Alpha and
Beta Particles), Mechanisms of Ionization and Ion Pair Formation,
Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic X-Rays, Atomic Structure (Atomic Number,
Mass, Isotopes, Binding Energy), Radiation Exposure (Cosmic, Terrestrial,
Internal, Man-Made), Radiation Protection Principles (ICRP, NCRP, Benefit vs.
Risk), Radiation in Medical Imaging (Fluoroscopy, CT, Industrial/Occupational
Exposure), Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Relative Biological Effectiveness
(RBE), and Occupational Dose Calculations Exam Questions Verified and
Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Who discovered x-rays and when?
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in Germany on November 8, 1895.
Why did most early victims of excessive radiation exposure suffer injuries and often death?
Since the early scientists did not understand the biological risks associated with radiation, many
patients were being exposed to incredibly high doses of radiation.
Can you list the four reasons for the high number of radiation injuries prior to 1925?
Low energy x-rays, Short distance between radiation source and patient, Low efficiency
intensification screens, Dealing with the "unknown"
,Which body system is affected with aplastic anemia?
It is a condition that produces a reduction of red blood cells due to damage to the red bone
marrow
What is a down winder?
The term, down winder, was first given to victims in St. George. These were those who
experienced radiation exposure from radiation which was released in the atmosphere and
carried to another geographical location.
SID
Source to Image distance
ICRP
International Council on Radiation Protection, ICRP formed in 1928. It is a committee made up
of scientists, physicians, and other experts that examine radiation safety risks and hazards.
NRCP
The National Council of Radiation Protection or NCRP was charted by the US Congress in 1964.
Working with the ICRP, the NCRP publishes reports with recommendations for the safe use of
radiation. Many of the NCRP reports serve as the standard for radiation safety in the medical
imaging sciences.
, Who is considered as the "patron saint of radiation protection?"
The "patron saint of radiation safety" is William Rollins. Rollins, a scientist, became suspicious of
the potential hazards related to radiation
Henri Becquerel
was a leading expert in theories of radioactivity at the turn of the century. His theories and
research into radioactivity opened up many scientific doors.
Marie Curie
is considered a pioneer in the study of radium. Her researches into radium lead to many
benefits to society, science, and medicine.
Thomas Edison
created the first real-time or live x-ray-imaging device, termed a fluoroscope. Edison's
fluoroscope or Vitiscope produced continuous x-ray emission that enabled the viewer to see
dynamic function or motion within the body through a special viewing screen.
William Rollins
became suspicious of the potential hazards related to radiation and conducted an experiment
with two groups of guinea pigs.
Who discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895?
