NUR 141 FINAL MTC QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
leuprolide MOA
Inhibits gonadotropin release, suppressing ovarian and testicular
steroidogenesis. reduces testosterone to the point of castration
levels
leuprolide adverse effects
1. lack of reproductive abilities
2. diminished urine output
3. decreased libido
4. hematuria
what are types of hormonal agents used in breast cancer?
1. anastrozole
2. tamoxifen
anastrozole MOA
blocks production of estrogen depriving cancer cells of the
estrogen they need to replicate
anastrozole adverse effects
1. vaginal dryness
2. hot flashes
3. musculoskeletal pain
4. risk of bone fracture and osteoporosis
what is important to note about the use of anastrozole?
,only treats breast cancer in post menopausal women
tamoxifen MOA
blocks estrogen receptors on the breast so the cancer cells cannot
use the estrogen which stops the growth of cancerous cells
what is tamoxifen used for?
used as adjuvant medication after surgery to prevent the
recurrence of cancer. can be used in younger women
how long does treatment last with tamoxifen used as
preventative of breast cancer?
2-5 years
tamoxifen adverse effects
1. vaginal discharge
2. menstrual cycle irregularities
3. thromboembolic events
4. increased risk of developing endometrial cancer
how do hormonal agents work?
Hormone receptor-blocking drugs decrease hormonal
stimulation and slow the growth of hormone-dependent cancers
cytotoxic drugs
drugs act directly on cells to cause their death. do not
differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. water soluble so
most require IV injection/infusion
neo-adjuvant treatment
,involves the use of cytotoxic drugs plus surgery and radiation.
delivered before surgery
adjuvant treatment
involves surgery or radiation without the use of medication
primary therapy
for patients who have a cancer that has not been responsive to
other approaches. used for treatment of advanced disease
combination therapy
beneficial because it reduces drug resistance. combination of
drugs because different chemo drugs act in different ways,
targets the cancer cells from different perspectives
adverse effects of cytotoxic drugs
1. bone marrow suppression
2. neutropenia
3. thrombocytopenia
4. anemia
5. N/V/D
6. alopecia
7. extravasation, organ damage
8. fatigue
What precautions should be taken when administering cytotoxic
drugs?
Handle with gloves, especially at childbearing age.
Who should administer IV chemotherapy?
, Nurses should be certified and specially trained.
Where should drug preparations be done when handling
chemotherapy drugs?
Do not do drug preparations around chemotherapy drugs.
How long can cytotoxic drugs remain in blood and body fluids?
Up to five days.
what type of medication is cyclophosphamide?
alkylating agent, non specific cell cycle
cyclophosphamide MOA
prevents cell division through the cross-linking of DNA strands,
resulting in decreased DNA synthesis
cyclophosphamide uses
Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia,
multiple myeloma
what is an adverse effect of cyclophosphamidde?
hemorrhagic cystitis. inflammation in the bladder lining and
blood vessels in the bladder that leads to blood in urine.
what type of medication is fluorouracil?
antimetabolite. cell cycle specific
fluorouracil MOA
affect DNA and RNA synthesis to affect cell growth
What is fluorouracil used for?
SOLUTIONS
leuprolide MOA
Inhibits gonadotropin release, suppressing ovarian and testicular
steroidogenesis. reduces testosterone to the point of castration
levels
leuprolide adverse effects
1. lack of reproductive abilities
2. diminished urine output
3. decreased libido
4. hematuria
what are types of hormonal agents used in breast cancer?
1. anastrozole
2. tamoxifen
anastrozole MOA
blocks production of estrogen depriving cancer cells of the
estrogen they need to replicate
anastrozole adverse effects
1. vaginal dryness
2. hot flashes
3. musculoskeletal pain
4. risk of bone fracture and osteoporosis
what is important to note about the use of anastrozole?
,only treats breast cancer in post menopausal women
tamoxifen MOA
blocks estrogen receptors on the breast so the cancer cells cannot
use the estrogen which stops the growth of cancerous cells
what is tamoxifen used for?
used as adjuvant medication after surgery to prevent the
recurrence of cancer. can be used in younger women
how long does treatment last with tamoxifen used as
preventative of breast cancer?
2-5 years
tamoxifen adverse effects
1. vaginal discharge
2. menstrual cycle irregularities
3. thromboembolic events
4. increased risk of developing endometrial cancer
how do hormonal agents work?
Hormone receptor-blocking drugs decrease hormonal
stimulation and slow the growth of hormone-dependent cancers
cytotoxic drugs
drugs act directly on cells to cause their death. do not
differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. water soluble so
most require IV injection/infusion
neo-adjuvant treatment
,involves the use of cytotoxic drugs plus surgery and radiation.
delivered before surgery
adjuvant treatment
involves surgery or radiation without the use of medication
primary therapy
for patients who have a cancer that has not been responsive to
other approaches. used for treatment of advanced disease
combination therapy
beneficial because it reduces drug resistance. combination of
drugs because different chemo drugs act in different ways,
targets the cancer cells from different perspectives
adverse effects of cytotoxic drugs
1. bone marrow suppression
2. neutropenia
3. thrombocytopenia
4. anemia
5. N/V/D
6. alopecia
7. extravasation, organ damage
8. fatigue
What precautions should be taken when administering cytotoxic
drugs?
Handle with gloves, especially at childbearing age.
Who should administer IV chemotherapy?
, Nurses should be certified and specially trained.
Where should drug preparations be done when handling
chemotherapy drugs?
Do not do drug preparations around chemotherapy drugs.
How long can cytotoxic drugs remain in blood and body fluids?
Up to five days.
what type of medication is cyclophosphamide?
alkylating agent, non specific cell cycle
cyclophosphamide MOA
prevents cell division through the cross-linking of DNA strands,
resulting in decreased DNA synthesis
cyclophosphamide uses
Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia,
multiple myeloma
what is an adverse effect of cyclophosphamidde?
hemorrhagic cystitis. inflammation in the bladder lining and
blood vessels in the bladder that leads to blood in urine.
what type of medication is fluorouracil?
antimetabolite. cell cycle specific
fluorouracil MOA
affect DNA and RNA synthesis to affect cell growth
What is fluorouracil used for?
