WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
1. Pressure that is due to albumin Oncotic
in the bloodstream?
2. Oncotic a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
3. In the blood, _____ is the most albumin
common plasma protein and is,
therefore, a primary determi-
nant of oncotic pressure
4. _____ controls osmotic pressure Albumin
in vascular system, builds vol-
ume
5. One question was about the dif- Possible answer: naive T cells
ference in children and adult im-
munity
6. Learning check question: Which Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat in-
differences in immunity make fection
children and older adult patients
more susceptible to infections? Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive
Choose 2 answers T cells
Younger patients have fewer Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to
memory cells to combat infec- many pathogens, which means that they have fewer mem-
tion ory cells than adults. The primary immune response is rel-
atively weak compared to a secondary response mediated
Older adult patients have a dwin- by memory cells.
dling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared
Older adult patients have more to younger patients. When these patients encounter novel
memory cells to combat infec- pathogens, the reduced number of naive T cells gives
, WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
tion clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that
will be effective.
Younger patients have a large
population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large
population of naive T cells
7. Fluid and electrolyte levels are osmoreceptors
regulated by _______, which regu-
lates actions such as thirst, ADH,
the kidneys, and RAAS.
8. Fluid deficit causes -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
9. Fluid deficit risk factors -Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
10. Fluid deficit manifestations -dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
11. ROME for ABGs Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then
it is pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance and it is
respiratory in nature
, WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic
in nature
12. Buffers, renal compensation, 7.35-7.45
and respiratory compensation
help to maintain a blood pH of
_______
13. A patient with a viral illness and Metabolic alkalosis
severe vomiting has an elevat-
ed CO2 level and a blood pH The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving
of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis.
What condition does the patient The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is
have? attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less
and retaining more CO2
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
14. To prevent changes in pH, the proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate
body employs buffer systems. system
The body utilizes 3 buffer sys-
tems:
15. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate sys- respirations; kidneys
tem first line of defense is _____,
second line of defense is _____
16. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate sys- The equation moves in both directions
tem equation
17. toward the right
, WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevat-
ed, the equation moves ________,
forming more H+ and HCO3-
ions
18. CABS Equation: toward the left
When H+ ions are elevated, the
equation moves _____, as H+ ions
are converted to CO2 and the
CO2 is exhaled.
19. CO2 levels 35-45
20. HCO3 levels 22-26
21. Michael's pulmonary edema His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty
leads to respiratory acidosis. removing it from the bloodstream.
How does pH impact Michael's
basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in
answers. an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from
cells into the bloodstream.
His CO2 level is increased be-
cause his lungs have difficulty re- His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
moving it from the bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+
moves inside of cells in an at-
tempt to get it out of the blood-
stream, K+ moves from cells into
the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
1. Pressure that is due to albumin Oncotic
in the bloodstream?
2. Oncotic a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
3. In the blood, _____ is the most albumin
common plasma protein and is,
therefore, a primary determi-
nant of oncotic pressure
4. _____ controls osmotic pressure Albumin
in vascular system, builds vol-
ume
5. One question was about the dif- Possible answer: naive T cells
ference in children and adult im-
munity
6. Learning check question: Which Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat in-
differences in immunity make fection
children and older adult patients
more susceptible to infections? Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive
Choose 2 answers T cells
Younger patients have fewer Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to
memory cells to combat infec- many pathogens, which means that they have fewer mem-
tion ory cells than adults. The primary immune response is rel-
atively weak compared to a secondary response mediated
Older adult patients have a dwin- by memory cells.
dling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared
Older adult patients have more to younger patients. When these patients encounter novel
memory cells to combat infec- pathogens, the reduced number of naive T cells gives
, WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
tion clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that
will be effective.
Younger patients have a large
population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large
population of naive T cells
7. Fluid and electrolyte levels are osmoreceptors
regulated by _______, which regu-
lates actions such as thirst, ADH,
the kidneys, and RAAS.
8. Fluid deficit causes -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
9. Fluid deficit risk factors -Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
10. Fluid deficit manifestations -dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
11. ROME for ABGs Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then
it is pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance and it is
respiratory in nature
, WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic
in nature
12. Buffers, renal compensation, 7.35-7.45
and respiratory compensation
help to maintain a blood pH of
_______
13. A patient with a viral illness and Metabolic alkalosis
severe vomiting has an elevat-
ed CO2 level and a blood pH The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving
of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis.
What condition does the patient The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is
have? attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less
and retaining more CO2
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
14. To prevent changes in pH, the proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate
body employs buffer systems. system
The body utilizes 3 buffer sys-
tems:
15. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate sys- respirations; kidneys
tem first line of defense is _____,
second line of defense is _____
16. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate sys- The equation moves in both directions
tem equation
17. toward the right
, WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ahtie
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevat-
ed, the equation moves ________,
forming more H+ and HCO3-
ions
18. CABS Equation: toward the left
When H+ ions are elevated, the
equation moves _____, as H+ ions
are converted to CO2 and the
CO2 is exhaled.
19. CO2 levels 35-45
20. HCO3 levels 22-26
21. Michael's pulmonary edema His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty
leads to respiratory acidosis. removing it from the bloodstream.
How does pH impact Michael's
basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in
answers. an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from
cells into the bloodstream.
His CO2 level is increased be-
cause his lungs have difficulty re- His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
moving it from the bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+
moves inside of cells in an at-
tempt to get it out of the blood-
stream, K+ moves from cells into
the bloodstream.
His sodium level is decreased
