Bio 1011 Plants Final Exam and All
Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
When was agriculture invented ? - Answer 10,000 years ago
Drugs - Answer - plant secondary compounds
- Used as predator defense
Examples of Drugs from plants - Answer QUININE
CAFFEINE
ASPERIN
TETRAHYDROCANNIBAL
NICOTINE
OPIUM, HEROIN, MORPHINE
TAXOL
Quinine - Answer - bark of a cinchona tree
- treated malaria in 1650
- helps with anemia, muscle spasms, cancer
- in tonic water
Aspirin - Answer - willow species
- treats pain, inflammation, fever
Taxol - Answer - from yew taxus plant
- cancer treatment (chemo for ovarian, brest lung)
Photosynthetic eukaryotes (red algea and plants) - Answer - primary endosymbiosis
- prokaryote + eukaryote = eukaryote (nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a photosynthetic
cyanobacterium)
Photosynthetic eukaryotes (other eukaryotes) - Answer - From secondary endosymbiosis:
eukaryote + eukaryote = eukaryote (nonphotosynthetic engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryote
(green or red algae))
,Endosymbiosis - Answer A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed
from simpler prokaryotes.
Eukaryote - Answer A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote - Answer A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
When did earth form? - Answer 4.6 billion years ago
When did photosynthesis begin? - Answer 3500 Million years ago
When was the oxygen revolution? - Answer 2.3 Billion years ago
When was the colonization of land plants and fungi? - Answer 500 Million years ago
Features of all plants - Answer 1) starch
2) Chlorophyll B
3) Cellulose is major component of cell wall
4) Thylakoids in stacks "Grana"
Starch - Answer -Main energy storage molecule
-Polysaccharide ( carbohydrate) of glucose residue
-Amylase (20%) , amylopectin (20%)
-sugar as energy storage -> not very relative, easily metabolized, absorbs & holds water starch in
solution
Chlorophyll B - Answer An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to
chlorophyll a.
Chlorophyll A - Answer A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light
reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
Cellulose - Answer A substance (made of sugars - polysaccarides: unbranched glucose
residues) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
Most organic polymer on earth
Cotton is 90% cellulose
, Pollysaccharides - Answer are made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a
chain, sometimes called starches, sometimes called complex carbs, found in grains veggies and
fruits.
Thylakoid - Answer A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light
energy into chemical energy.
plant secondary compounds - Answer chemicals produced by plants that are not
immediately important to survival but are generally important to long term prosperity through
benefits in competition
(ie not required for metabolism)
Why are charophytes the closest relative to land plants ? - Answer 1) structure
2) Nuclear and chloroplast genes
Features of all Charophytes (type of green algea) - Answer 1) cell plate and phragmoplast
2) Plasmodesmata
3) Sperm Structure
4) Peroxisome enzymes
5) Rose Shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes
6) sporopollen
Sporopollen - Answer A durable polymer in a cell mebrane, found in cell walls, stable,
presists in enviroment
alteration of generations - Answer -Alteration of a sexual phase and an ansexual phase in the
life cycle of an orgasism
-Common in algae, fungi, plants
-Two generations -> gametophyte and sporophyte
gametophyte - Answer Haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism
Gametes - Answer sex cells
Haploid - Answer single set of chromosomes (1n)
Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
When was agriculture invented ? - Answer 10,000 years ago
Drugs - Answer - plant secondary compounds
- Used as predator defense
Examples of Drugs from plants - Answer QUININE
CAFFEINE
ASPERIN
TETRAHYDROCANNIBAL
NICOTINE
OPIUM, HEROIN, MORPHINE
TAXOL
Quinine - Answer - bark of a cinchona tree
- treated malaria in 1650
- helps with anemia, muscle spasms, cancer
- in tonic water
Aspirin - Answer - willow species
- treats pain, inflammation, fever
Taxol - Answer - from yew taxus plant
- cancer treatment (chemo for ovarian, brest lung)
Photosynthetic eukaryotes (red algea and plants) - Answer - primary endosymbiosis
- prokaryote + eukaryote = eukaryote (nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a photosynthetic
cyanobacterium)
Photosynthetic eukaryotes (other eukaryotes) - Answer - From secondary endosymbiosis:
eukaryote + eukaryote = eukaryote (nonphotosynthetic engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryote
(green or red algae))
,Endosymbiosis - Answer A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed
from simpler prokaryotes.
Eukaryote - Answer A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote - Answer A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
When did earth form? - Answer 4.6 billion years ago
When did photosynthesis begin? - Answer 3500 Million years ago
When was the oxygen revolution? - Answer 2.3 Billion years ago
When was the colonization of land plants and fungi? - Answer 500 Million years ago
Features of all plants - Answer 1) starch
2) Chlorophyll B
3) Cellulose is major component of cell wall
4) Thylakoids in stacks "Grana"
Starch - Answer -Main energy storage molecule
-Polysaccharide ( carbohydrate) of glucose residue
-Amylase (20%) , amylopectin (20%)
-sugar as energy storage -> not very relative, easily metabolized, absorbs & holds water starch in
solution
Chlorophyll B - Answer An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to
chlorophyll a.
Chlorophyll A - Answer A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light
reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
Cellulose - Answer A substance (made of sugars - polysaccarides: unbranched glucose
residues) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
Most organic polymer on earth
Cotton is 90% cellulose
, Pollysaccharides - Answer are made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a
chain, sometimes called starches, sometimes called complex carbs, found in grains veggies and
fruits.
Thylakoid - Answer A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light
energy into chemical energy.
plant secondary compounds - Answer chemicals produced by plants that are not
immediately important to survival but are generally important to long term prosperity through
benefits in competition
(ie not required for metabolism)
Why are charophytes the closest relative to land plants ? - Answer 1) structure
2) Nuclear and chloroplast genes
Features of all Charophytes (type of green algea) - Answer 1) cell plate and phragmoplast
2) Plasmodesmata
3) Sperm Structure
4) Peroxisome enzymes
5) Rose Shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes
6) sporopollen
Sporopollen - Answer A durable polymer in a cell mebrane, found in cell walls, stable,
presists in enviroment
alteration of generations - Answer -Alteration of a sexual phase and an ansexual phase in the
life cycle of an orgasism
-Common in algae, fungi, plants
-Two generations -> gametophyte and sporophyte
gametophyte - Answer Haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism
Gametes - Answer sex cells
Haploid - Answer single set of chromosomes (1n)
