PSI Perinatal Mental Health Certification Exam
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_ in _ women are affected by perinatal depression -
Answer-1 in 7 women
Percentage of pregnancy induced HTN vs pre-eclampsia
vs gestational diabetes vs PMADs? - Answer-6-8% PIH, 6-
8% pre-eclampsia, 6% gestational diabetes, 21% PMADs
_ in _ men are affected by perinatal depression - Answer-1
in 10 men
Risks of untreated PMADs - Answer-Relationship
problems, poor adherence to medical care, exacerbation
of chronic medical issues, loss of financial resources,
disability, child neglect/abuse, developmental delays,
tobacco/alcohol, drug use, Suicide, homicide
How many pregnancies are unplanned? - Answer-50%
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Not all pregnancies are planned, wanted. Not all
pregnancies end with a health baby or fulfillment.
Etiology of PPD? - Answer-Genetic predisposition,
biological sensitivity to hormonal changes,
social/environmental (Hx of trauma or poor social support),
psychological (relationship with own mom, self
image/perfectionism)
Cultural considerations of ppd - Answer--in some cultures
mothers may not feel safe to express needs or seek help.
-may report symptoms differently based on culture
What did the landmark study on PPD show? - Answer-
22% of women had depression during first year
postpartum: 26% started before pregnancy, 33% during
pregnancy, 40% during postpartum
Of the 22% of postpartum mothers - Answer-68% had
unipolar depression
66% had MDD or combo with GAD
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22% bipolar depression
19% had thoughts of harming selves
Prenatal depression relapse rate with meds and without
meds - Answer-26% who continued meds relapsed during
pregnancy while 68% who stopped meds relapsed
Higher relapse rate if you DC meds
Percent of fathers with PPD? - Answer-10%
Depression in men: timing, symptoms - Answer-Peaks at
3-6 months postpartum
May not be sad "masked" and irritable, aggressive, hostile,
acting out, checked out, distractions
Do men seek help for their depression? - Answer-Not
often. Only 3% sought help.
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Men are likely to under report symptoms
Single mothers vs single fathers - Answer-Single mothers:
higher risk of maltreatment. Twice as likely than mothers
with partners to have depression.
Single fathers: have 3 times mortality rate than single
mothers or partnered parents.
Trans gestational parents - Answer-Needs research to
determine prevalence. Baseline depression and anxiety
higher than adult average already.
Other people at risk - Answer-Non-gestational parents also
at risk for PMADs.
What is a PMAD? - Answer-A perinatal mood and anxiety
disorder (not just PPD!)
Define the perinatal period. - Answer-Time from
conception through 1st year after giving birth.