UNE Bio 1011 Week 2 Midterm and
Week 3 Questions with Actual Detailed
Solutions.
Microevolution - Answer Small-scale changes in allele frequencies within a population over a
short time, such as changes in color or size.
Any sort of change in the population's gene pool
Measures shifts in allele frequencies
Quantify the rate of natural selection (or genetic drift, migrations, etc.) on allele frequencies
Speciation does not automatically result from allele shifts
Macroevolution - Answer involves large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long
periods, leading to the emergence of new species or major groups.
Creation of new species
Involves some type of barrier to reproduction preventing gene flow from one population to
another
Populations can vary at genetic and individual levels - Answer Populations vary genetically
because individuals carry different alleles, leading to genetic diversity in traits like size, color, or
resistance to disease.
At the individual level, this variation means each organism has a unique combination of genes
and characteristics, which can affect their survival and reproduction
Species - Answer A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
under natural conditions, sharing common characteristics and genetic makeup
Biological Species - Answer Groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile
offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and
produce fertile offspring
Morphological Species - Answer Defined by shared physical traits and structural features,
regardless of reproductive ability.
Observable and measurable phenotypic traits
Evolutionary Species - Answer A lineage of populations that maintains its identity over time
and has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate
, Group of organisms with a unique genetic history
Unique evolutionary history
Ecological Species - Answer Defined by its unique role or niche in the environment, focusing
on how it interacts with resources and other species
Unique adaptations to particular roles or environment
Gene Pool and how to calculate it - Answer The complete set of all genetic information (all
alleles) present in a population at a given time.
To calculate it: Count all the alleles for each gene carried by every individual in the population—
for example, by multiplying the number of individuals by two (for diploid organisms) to get the
total number of alleles for a gene—and then determine the frequency of each allele within that
total.
Allele Frequency and how to calculate it - Answer Frequency or percent of the total gene
pool for that gene
Allele: A variation of a gene
To calculate: Measure how common a specific allele is in a population's gene pool, expressed as
a proportion of all alleles for that gene
Genotype Frequency and how to calculate it - Answer Frequency or percent of the
population for each genotype
Measure how common a specific combination of alleles (genotype) is among individuals in the
population.
Components of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium - Answer p = frequency of the dominant
allele in the population
q = frequency of the recessive allele in the population
p² = frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA)
2pq = frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa)
q² = frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa)
The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Expresses the relationship between allele
frequencies and genotype frequencies
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is: p² + 2pq + q² = 1
The 5 Conditions of the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Population is very large: Result
in random changes to allele and genotype frequencies
No new mutations: Result in random changes to allele and genotype frequencies
Week 3 Questions with Actual Detailed
Solutions.
Microevolution - Answer Small-scale changes in allele frequencies within a population over a
short time, such as changes in color or size.
Any sort of change in the population's gene pool
Measures shifts in allele frequencies
Quantify the rate of natural selection (or genetic drift, migrations, etc.) on allele frequencies
Speciation does not automatically result from allele shifts
Macroevolution - Answer involves large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long
periods, leading to the emergence of new species or major groups.
Creation of new species
Involves some type of barrier to reproduction preventing gene flow from one population to
another
Populations can vary at genetic and individual levels - Answer Populations vary genetically
because individuals carry different alleles, leading to genetic diversity in traits like size, color, or
resistance to disease.
At the individual level, this variation means each organism has a unique combination of genes
and characteristics, which can affect their survival and reproduction
Species - Answer A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
under natural conditions, sharing common characteristics and genetic makeup
Biological Species - Answer Groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile
offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and
produce fertile offspring
Morphological Species - Answer Defined by shared physical traits and structural features,
regardless of reproductive ability.
Observable and measurable phenotypic traits
Evolutionary Species - Answer A lineage of populations that maintains its identity over time
and has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate
, Group of organisms with a unique genetic history
Unique evolutionary history
Ecological Species - Answer Defined by its unique role or niche in the environment, focusing
on how it interacts with resources and other species
Unique adaptations to particular roles or environment
Gene Pool and how to calculate it - Answer The complete set of all genetic information (all
alleles) present in a population at a given time.
To calculate it: Count all the alleles for each gene carried by every individual in the population—
for example, by multiplying the number of individuals by two (for diploid organisms) to get the
total number of alleles for a gene—and then determine the frequency of each allele within that
total.
Allele Frequency and how to calculate it - Answer Frequency or percent of the total gene
pool for that gene
Allele: A variation of a gene
To calculate: Measure how common a specific allele is in a population's gene pool, expressed as
a proportion of all alleles for that gene
Genotype Frequency and how to calculate it - Answer Frequency or percent of the
population for each genotype
Measure how common a specific combination of alleles (genotype) is among individuals in the
population.
Components of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium - Answer p = frequency of the dominant
allele in the population
q = frequency of the recessive allele in the population
p² = frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA)
2pq = frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa)
q² = frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa)
The Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Expresses the relationship between allele
frequencies and genotype frequencies
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is: p² + 2pq + q² = 1
The 5 Conditions of the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Population is very large: Result
in random changes to allele and genotype frequencies
No new mutations: Result in random changes to allele and genotype frequencies
