BRAINSCAPE1
AGACNP AACN Exam with complete
solutions latest version
3 steps of pain management - CORRECT ANSWER-1. aspirin, tylenol, NSAIDs
2. codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol (only with NSAIDS)
3. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl
Breakthrough cancer pain management - CORRECT ANSWER-fentanyl
Metastatic bone pain management - CORRECT ANSWER-bisphosphonates
Tension headache symptoms & management - CORRECT ANSWER-symptoms - tight,
back of head/neck
management - OTC analgesics and rest
Migraine headache types and treatments - CORRECT ANSWER-classic - WITH aura
common - WITHOUT aura
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics
Cluster headache symptoms and management - CORRECT ANSWER-symptoms -
occur at night, ipsilateral congestion, rhinorrhea, and eye redness
Albumin levels <3.5 - CORRECT ANSWER-protein malnutrition
Albumin <2.7 - CORRECT ANSWER-Edema
Complications of enteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-aspiration, refeeding,
dehydration
Complications of parenteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-pneumothorax,
hemothorax
Urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWER-renal salt wasting (kidney is the problem)
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Urine sodium <10 - CORRECT ANSWER-kidney isn't the problem
isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT ANSWER-serum
osmolality - 284-295
causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or nhyperproteinemia
hypotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and types - CORRECT ANSWER-serum
osmolality <280
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
hypervolemic
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium <10 causes - CORRECT ANSWER-dehydration, diuresis,
vomiting
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWER-diuretics, ACE,
mineralocorticoid deficiency
hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER-edema, CHF, liver
disease, renal failure
must restrict fluids
hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT ANSWER-serum
osmolality >290
causes - HHS
hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad T waves, u waves
treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV if severe
hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis, abdominal distension, diarrhea, peaked
T waves
treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin, D5W
hypocalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive transfusions
symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions, prolonged QT, Chvostek's and
Trousseau's sign
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate if acute, oral supplements if
chronic
hypercalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
vitamin D intoxication, immobilization, thiazide diuretics
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, coma, death
BRAINSCAPE1
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treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS, loop diuretics, dialysis if severe
respiratory acidosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes
- hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased ventilator rate
respiratory alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes
- hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if severe
treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased ventilator rate
metabolic acidosis types, causes, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal tubular acidosis, DKA recovery
treat with fluids
metabolic alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
saline responsive, NG suction, vomiting, diuretics
treatment - d/c diuretics, give NaCl and KCl, H2 blockers if GI loss
Gram positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-streptococci, staphylococcus,
enterococci, bacilli
Gram negative bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas,
acinetobacter, enterobacter
anti-rejection meds following transplant - CORRECT ANSWER-1. steroids
2. antimetabolites
3. calcineurin inhibitors OR mTOR inhibitor
Herpes Zoster (shingles) characteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-
characteristics - grouped vesicle eruption, with erythema and exudate, along
dermatomal pathway
treatment - "cyclovir"; vaccine x2 if >50 years old
Actinic keratosis characteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-characteristics -
sun-exposed, asymptomatic, small patches, rough, flesh colored/pink
treatment - liquid nitrogen
Squamous Cell Carcinoma characteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-
characteristics - firm, irregular papule/nodule, keratotic, scaly, bleeding
treatment - biopsy and surgical excision
Seborrheic keratosescharacteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-
characteristics - benign, beige/brown/black
BRAINSCAPE1
AGACNP AACN Exam with complete
solutions latest version
3 steps of pain management - CORRECT ANSWER-1. aspirin, tylenol, NSAIDs
2. codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol (only with NSAIDS)
3. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl
Breakthrough cancer pain management - CORRECT ANSWER-fentanyl
Metastatic bone pain management - CORRECT ANSWER-bisphosphonates
Tension headache symptoms & management - CORRECT ANSWER-symptoms - tight,
back of head/neck
management - OTC analgesics and rest
Migraine headache types and treatments - CORRECT ANSWER-classic - WITH aura
common - WITHOUT aura
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics
Cluster headache symptoms and management - CORRECT ANSWER-symptoms -
occur at night, ipsilateral congestion, rhinorrhea, and eye redness
Albumin levels <3.5 - CORRECT ANSWER-protein malnutrition
Albumin <2.7 - CORRECT ANSWER-Edema
Complications of enteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-aspiration, refeeding,
dehydration
Complications of parenteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-pneumothorax,
hemothorax
Urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWER-renal salt wasting (kidney is the problem)
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
Urine sodium <10 - CORRECT ANSWER-kidney isn't the problem
isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT ANSWER-serum
osmolality - 284-295
causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or nhyperproteinemia
hypotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and types - CORRECT ANSWER-serum
osmolality <280
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
hypervolemic
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium <10 causes - CORRECT ANSWER-dehydration, diuresis,
vomiting
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWER-diuretics, ACE,
mineralocorticoid deficiency
hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER-edema, CHF, liver
disease, renal failure
must restrict fluids
hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT ANSWER-serum
osmolality >290
causes - HHS
hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad T waves, u waves
treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV if severe
hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis, abdominal distension, diarrhea, peaked
T waves
treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin, D5W
hypocalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive transfusions
symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions, prolonged QT, Chvostek's and
Trousseau's sign
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate if acute, oral supplements if
chronic
hypercalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
vitamin D intoxication, immobilization, thiazide diuretics
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, coma, death
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS, loop diuretics, dialysis if severe
respiratory acidosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes
- hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased ventilator rate
respiratory alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes
- hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if severe
treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased ventilator rate
metabolic acidosis types, causes, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal tubular acidosis, DKA recovery
treat with fluids
metabolic alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-causes -
saline responsive, NG suction, vomiting, diuretics
treatment - d/c diuretics, give NaCl and KCl, H2 blockers if GI loss
Gram positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-streptococci, staphylococcus,
enterococci, bacilli
Gram negative bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas,
acinetobacter, enterobacter
anti-rejection meds following transplant - CORRECT ANSWER-1. steroids
2. antimetabolites
3. calcineurin inhibitors OR mTOR inhibitor
Herpes Zoster (shingles) characteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-
characteristics - grouped vesicle eruption, with erythema and exudate, along
dermatomal pathway
treatment - "cyclovir"; vaccine x2 if >50 years old
Actinic keratosis characteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-characteristics -
sun-exposed, asymptomatic, small patches, rough, flesh colored/pink
treatment - liquid nitrogen
Squamous Cell Carcinoma characteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-
characteristics - firm, irregular papule/nodule, keratotic, scaly, bleeding
treatment - biopsy and surgical excision
Seborrheic keratosescharacteristics and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-
characteristics - benign, beige/brown/black
BRAINSCAPE1
