, TESTBANK FOR
Interpersonal Relationships 9th Edition Kathleen Underman Boggs
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
Purchase Guarantee
If you believe you have purchased the wrong file, don’t worry. Contact us anytime and we
will gladly replace it with the correct version.
Contact Email:
,Chapter 01: Communication Theories and Nursing Concepts
Boggs: Interpersonal Relationships, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What makes the study of communication theory a challenge?
a. Related knowledge is very changing.
b. It is not widely accepted by the nursing community.
c. It is a simple theory attempting to manage complex issues.
d. It is not evidence based.
ANS: A
The study of communication theory and skills is a complex issue complicated by the fact that
knowledge is evolving. While nursing research is at an early developmental stage, applying
evidence-based communication practices is a crucial component of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. What did the IOM Reports advocate as a key means of delivering complex care to the
chronically ill?
a. Setting standardized goals
b. Eliminating role boundaries among providers
c. Focusing on hospital focused care
d. Health care team collaboration
ANS: D
The IOM Reports advocated health team collaborative care as a key means of delivering
complex care, particularly for management of chronic illness. None of the other options were
cited as recommendations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. What did the IOM Reports advocate regarding networking skills among health providers?
a. They are primarily relegated to primary health care providers.
b. They should be used to achieve clinical outcomes.
c. They have little value when evaluating team competence.
d. They rarely exist between team members.
ANS: B
How health providers should use collaborative and networking skills to achieve clinical
outcomes and they should become a measure of systems-based team competence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. What are the four key
concepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories?
a. Caring, compassion, health promotion, and education
, b. Respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy
c. Person, environment, health, and nursing
d. Nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion
ANS: C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing,
but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in all theories
and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. When admitting a patient to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse is demonstrating use of which
core concept when asking the patient about cultural issues?
a. Person
b. Environment
c. Health
d. Nursing
ANS: B
Four core constructs make up professional nursing’s metaparadigm: person, environment,
health, and nursing. The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and
social determinants that influence a patient’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is
defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual
dimensions. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional
concept, having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual
characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete
physical, mental, social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing
includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying
people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. A young mother tells the nurse, “I’m worried because my son needs a blood transfusion. I
don’t know what to do because blood transfusions cause AIDS.” Which central nursing
construct is represented in this situation?
a. Environment
b. Caring
c. Health
d. Person
ANS: D
, The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants that
influence a patient’s health perceptions and behavior. Person is defined as the recipient of
nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual dimensions. Caring is not one of
the four central nursing constructs. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a
multidimensional concept, having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and
spiritual characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of
complete physical, mental, social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled,
and dying people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. The nurse performs a dressing change using sterile technique. This is an example of which
pattern of knowledge?
a. Empirical
b. Personal
c. Aesthetic
d. Ethical
ANS: A
Empirical knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions incorporated
from the natural and biological sciences. Personal ways of knowing allow the nurse to
understand and treat each individual as a unique person. Aesthetic ways of knowing allow the
nurse to connect in different and more meaningful ways. Ethical ways of knowing refer to the
moral aspects of nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Reduction of Risk Potential
8. What makes the nurse-patient relationship is unique?
a. It is most useful in a short-stay unit.
b. It allows personal and social growth to occur primarily for the patient.
c. It requires a special form of communication.
d. It focuses on maintaining a personal relationship between the nurse and the patient.
ANS: C
The professional nurse-patient communication is different, requiring you learn new skills
especially related to communication competencies. Accurate, effective, timely communication
is a key aspect for providing safe and effective patient-centered healthcare. None of the
remaining options accurately describe this form of therapeutic relationship.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
9. What is the primary focus of the initial phase of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
a. Identifying expected goals
b. Providing information related to the assessment phase of the nursing process
c. Exploring concerns
d. Identifying community resources to help resolve health care issues
ANS: C
, To begin to develop a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, opportunities should be given for
the patient to express concerns and ask questions. As the relationship progresses,
communication skills are used to convey caring and respect for patient concerns. We can then
begin to develop a mutual plan of care to reach desired treatment goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
10. Which of the following is NOT a specific way interpersonal health communication impacts
health care service quality?
a. More effective diagnosis and earlier recognition of health changes
b. Better understanding of the patient’s condition
c. Development of a workable treatment partnership
d. Each communicator constructing a mental picture of the other during the
conversation
ANS: D
Communication between health care providers and patients impacts the way care is delivered;
it is as important as the care itself. Outcomes of effective interpersonal communication in
health care relate to higher patient satisfaction and productive health changes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
11. Which statement about communication theory is true?
a. Primates are able to learn new languages to share ideas and feelings.
b. Concepts include only verbal communication.
c. Perceptions are clarified through feedback.
d. Past experience does not influence communication.
ANS: C
Feedback is the only way to know that one’s perceptions about meanings are valid. Human
communication is unique. Only human beings have large vocabularies and are capable of
learning new languages as a means of sharing their ideas and feelings. Communication
includes language, gestures, and symbols to convey intended meaning, exchange ideas and
feelings, and to share significant life experience. To encode a message appropriately requires a
clear understanding of the receiver’s mental frame of reference (e.g., feelings, personal
agendas, past experiences) and knowledge of its purpose or intent of the communication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
12. What statement is true regarding the transactional model of communication?
a. Questions are framed in order to recognize the context of the message.
b. People take only complementary roles in the communication.
c. The context of the communication is unimportant.
d. The purpose of communication is to influence the receiver.
ANS: A
, A transactional model expands linear models to include the context of the communication,
feedback loops, and validation. With this model, the sender and receiver construct a mental
picture of the other, which influences the message and includes perceptions of the other
person’s attitude and potential reaction to the message.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
13. Which is the purpose of feedback?
a. Limiting the amount of included information
b. Giving power to the messenger
c. Maximizing message length
d. Allowing the human system to correct its original information
ANS: D
Feedback (from the receiver or the environment) allows the system to correct or maintain its
original information. Feedback loops (from the receiver, or the environment) validate the
information, or allow the human system to correct its original information. None of the other
statements correctly identify the purpose of feedback.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
14. Which statement best represents therapeutic communication when a student discovers a
patient crying in bed?
a. “I am the nurse who will be doing your treatments today.”
b. “Will you listen to me so I can help you get better?”
c. “This is what is going to happen during surgery.”
d. “Can we talk about what seems to be bothering you?”
ANS: D
Asking about what is bothering the patient is goal directed. Its purpose is to promote patient
well-being. “I am the nurse who will be doing your treatments today” is a statement of fact,
and it ignores the patient’s emotional needs. “Will you listen to me so I can help you get
better?” is not goal directed and does not involve mutuality. “This is what is going to happen
during surgery” is simply one way. It does not engage the patient in a therapeutic manner.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
15. The central constructs of person, environment, health, and nursing are found in all nursing
theories and models and are referred to using which term?
a. Telehealth
b. Medical model
c. Nursing’s metaparadigm
d. Five core areas of competency
ANS: C
, Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing,
but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in all theories
and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm. These constructs are the
“metalanguage” of nursing, and together they act as basic building blocks for the discipline of
professional nursing. Telehealth is fast becoming an integral part of the health care system,
used both as a live interactive mechanism (particularly in remote areas, where there is a
scarcity of health care providers) and as a way to track clinical data. Two important outcomes
are reduced health costs and increased access to care. During the last century, the bulk of
professional care was delivered in acute care settings, based on the disease-focused medical
model. Switching to today’s community focus recognizes the fact that chronic medical
conditions account for most of today’s care, with most being treated in the community. The
IOM Report Health professions education: A bridge to quality calls for the restructuring of
clinical education responsive to the 21st century health system transformation goals of
providing the highest quality and safest medical care possible. This report identified five core
areas of competency required to cross the bridge to quality.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. The discipline of nursing has “a unique perspective, a distinct way of viewing all phenomena,
which ultimately defines and limits the nature of its inquiry” related to which concepts?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being, and optimum
functioning of human beings, sick or well
b. Patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment in critical life
situations
c. Processes by which positive changes in health status are affected
d. Processes by which negative changes in health status are affected
e. Patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment in every life
situation
f. Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being, and optimum
functioning of human beings, in relation to wellness only
ANS: A, B, C
The discipline of nursing is said to have “a unique perspective, a distinct way of viewing all
phenomena, which ultimately defines and limits the nature of its inquiry,” related to
“Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being, and optimum functioning of
human beings, sick or well; patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment
in critical life situations; and processes by which positive changes in health status are
affected.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
,Chapter 02: Clarity and Safety in Communication
Boggs: Interpersonal Relationships, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse manager is teaching a group of nurses about patient safety. The nurse manager teaches
the nurses that patient safety is defined as “the prevention of errors and adverse effects to
patients associated with health care.” What is the source of this definition?
a. Hippocratic oath
b. World Health Organization
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing
d. American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics
ANS: B
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines patient safety as “the prevention of errors and
adverse effects to patients associated with health care.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
2. When conducting an in-service on serious medical errors, the nurse teaches that nearly 70% of
sentinel events are related to which staff-related issue?
a. Lack of education
b. Inadequate resources
c. Minimal rest periods
d. Miscommunication
ANS: D
Multiple studies have pinpointed miscommunication as a major causative agent in sentinel
events, that is, errors resulting in unnecessary death and serious injury. Miscommunication is
the root cause in nearly 70% of sentinel events. While the other options are error related none
are as significant as miscommunication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. When working on a nursing unit, the nurse recognizes that incomplete communication errors
most often occur during which activity?
a. Staff meetings
b. The night shift
c. A handoff procedure
d. Medication administration
ANS: C
The most common cause of error is incomplete communication during the very many
“handoffs” transferring responsibility for patient care to another care provider, another unit, or
agency. While incomplete communication can be noted at other times, the most significant
incidences occur during handoffs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
, 4. A student nurse is learning about how to reduce errors and increase safety. The nursing
instructor recognizes that further teaching is warranted when the student nurse makes which
statement concerning standardized communication?
a. “When communicating with patients, I will be clear.”
b. “I will be timely in my communication with patients.”
c. “I will promote communication with patients that is ambiguous.”
d. “When communicating with patients, I will ensure the patient understood.”
ANS: C
Standardization of communication is an effective tool to avoid incomplete or misleading
messages. Standardization needs to be institutionalized at the system level and implemented
consistently at the staff level. Safe communication about patient care matters needs to be clear,
unambiguous, timely, accurate, complete, open, and understood by the recipient to reduce
errors.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. The nurse manager recognizes that establishing a new safety culture involves which action?
a. Having support of effective health care teamwork
b. Providing encouragement for the development of individualism
c. Avoiding the discouragement of new concepts
d. Promoting the presence of a hierarchical system
ANS: A
A major international effort is underway to prioritize safety goals by improving
communication about patients among his or her various providers. The aim is to reduce
patient mortality, decrease medical errors, and promote effective health care teamwork.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
6. A nurse attending an in-service aimed to educate staff about reporting hospital errors learns
that which action should be avoided when creating a culture of safety?
a. Creating a way to advise and compensate harmed patients
b. Supporting care providers after adverse events
c. Ensuring the negative consequences of disclosing errors serve as a guide
d. Installing a nonpunitive reporting system
ANS: C
Many health care providers express concern about reporting errors or near miss incidents. The
system needs to be redesigned to be nonpunitive if we are to create a culture of safety. A
culture of safety is characterized by installing a strong, nonpunitive reporting system;
supporting care providers after adverse events; and developing a method to inform and
compensate patients who were harmed.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
7. When educating a newly diagnosed patient about management of diabetes mellitus, the nurse
understands the importance of providing clear instructions in order to avoid which issue?
Interpersonal Relationships 9th Edition Kathleen Underman Boggs
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
Purchase Guarantee
If you believe you have purchased the wrong file, don’t worry. Contact us anytime and we
will gladly replace it with the correct version.
Contact Email:
,Chapter 01: Communication Theories and Nursing Concepts
Boggs: Interpersonal Relationships, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What makes the study of communication theory a challenge?
a. Related knowledge is very changing.
b. It is not widely accepted by the nursing community.
c. It is a simple theory attempting to manage complex issues.
d. It is not evidence based.
ANS: A
The study of communication theory and skills is a complex issue complicated by the fact that
knowledge is evolving. While nursing research is at an early developmental stage, applying
evidence-based communication practices is a crucial component of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. What did the IOM Reports advocate as a key means of delivering complex care to the
chronically ill?
a. Setting standardized goals
b. Eliminating role boundaries among providers
c. Focusing on hospital focused care
d. Health care team collaboration
ANS: D
The IOM Reports advocated health team collaborative care as a key means of delivering
complex care, particularly for management of chronic illness. None of the other options were
cited as recommendations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. What did the IOM Reports advocate regarding networking skills among health providers?
a. They are primarily relegated to primary health care providers.
b. They should be used to achieve clinical outcomes.
c. They have little value when evaluating team competence.
d. They rarely exist between team members.
ANS: B
How health providers should use collaborative and networking skills to achieve clinical
outcomes and they should become a measure of systems-based team competence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. What are the four key
concepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories?
a. Caring, compassion, health promotion, and education
, b. Respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy
c. Person, environment, health, and nursing
d. Nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion
ANS: C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing,
but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in all theories
and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. When admitting a patient to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse is demonstrating use of which
core concept when asking the patient about cultural issues?
a. Person
b. Environment
c. Health
d. Nursing
ANS: B
Four core constructs make up professional nursing’s metaparadigm: person, environment,
health, and nursing. The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and
social determinants that influence a patient’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is
defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual
dimensions. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional
concept, having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual
characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete
physical, mental, social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing
includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying
people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. A young mother tells the nurse, “I’m worried because my son needs a blood transfusion. I
don’t know what to do because blood transfusions cause AIDS.” Which central nursing
construct is represented in this situation?
a. Environment
b. Caring
c. Health
d. Person
ANS: D
, The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants that
influence a patient’s health perceptions and behavior. Person is defined as the recipient of
nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual dimensions. Caring is not one of
the four central nursing constructs. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a
multidimensional concept, having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and
spiritual characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of
complete physical, mental, social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled,
and dying people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. The nurse performs a dressing change using sterile technique. This is an example of which
pattern of knowledge?
a. Empirical
b. Personal
c. Aesthetic
d. Ethical
ANS: A
Empirical knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions incorporated
from the natural and biological sciences. Personal ways of knowing allow the nurse to
understand and treat each individual as a unique person. Aesthetic ways of knowing allow the
nurse to connect in different and more meaningful ways. Ethical ways of knowing refer to the
moral aspects of nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Reduction of Risk Potential
8. What makes the nurse-patient relationship is unique?
a. It is most useful in a short-stay unit.
b. It allows personal and social growth to occur primarily for the patient.
c. It requires a special form of communication.
d. It focuses on maintaining a personal relationship between the nurse and the patient.
ANS: C
The professional nurse-patient communication is different, requiring you learn new skills
especially related to communication competencies. Accurate, effective, timely communication
is a key aspect for providing safe and effective patient-centered healthcare. None of the
remaining options accurately describe this form of therapeutic relationship.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
9. What is the primary focus of the initial phase of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
a. Identifying expected goals
b. Providing information related to the assessment phase of the nursing process
c. Exploring concerns
d. Identifying community resources to help resolve health care issues
ANS: C
, To begin to develop a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, opportunities should be given for
the patient to express concerns and ask questions. As the relationship progresses,
communication skills are used to convey caring and respect for patient concerns. We can then
begin to develop a mutual plan of care to reach desired treatment goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
10. Which of the following is NOT a specific way interpersonal health communication impacts
health care service quality?
a. More effective diagnosis and earlier recognition of health changes
b. Better understanding of the patient’s condition
c. Development of a workable treatment partnership
d. Each communicator constructing a mental picture of the other during the
conversation
ANS: D
Communication between health care providers and patients impacts the way care is delivered;
it is as important as the care itself. Outcomes of effective interpersonal communication in
health care relate to higher patient satisfaction and productive health changes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
11. Which statement about communication theory is true?
a. Primates are able to learn new languages to share ideas and feelings.
b. Concepts include only verbal communication.
c. Perceptions are clarified through feedback.
d. Past experience does not influence communication.
ANS: C
Feedback is the only way to know that one’s perceptions about meanings are valid. Human
communication is unique. Only human beings have large vocabularies and are capable of
learning new languages as a means of sharing their ideas and feelings. Communication
includes language, gestures, and symbols to convey intended meaning, exchange ideas and
feelings, and to share significant life experience. To encode a message appropriately requires a
clear understanding of the receiver’s mental frame of reference (e.g., feelings, personal
agendas, past experiences) and knowledge of its purpose or intent of the communication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
12. What statement is true regarding the transactional model of communication?
a. Questions are framed in order to recognize the context of the message.
b. People take only complementary roles in the communication.
c. The context of the communication is unimportant.
d. The purpose of communication is to influence the receiver.
ANS: A
, A transactional model expands linear models to include the context of the communication,
feedback loops, and validation. With this model, the sender and receiver construct a mental
picture of the other, which influences the message and includes perceptions of the other
person’s attitude and potential reaction to the message.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
13. Which is the purpose of feedback?
a. Limiting the amount of included information
b. Giving power to the messenger
c. Maximizing message length
d. Allowing the human system to correct its original information
ANS: D
Feedback (from the receiver or the environment) allows the system to correct or maintain its
original information. Feedback loops (from the receiver, or the environment) validate the
information, or allow the human system to correct its original information. None of the other
statements correctly identify the purpose of feedback.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
14. Which statement best represents therapeutic communication when a student discovers a
patient crying in bed?
a. “I am the nurse who will be doing your treatments today.”
b. “Will you listen to me so I can help you get better?”
c. “This is what is going to happen during surgery.”
d. “Can we talk about what seems to be bothering you?”
ANS: D
Asking about what is bothering the patient is goal directed. Its purpose is to promote patient
well-being. “I am the nurse who will be doing your treatments today” is a statement of fact,
and it ignores the patient’s emotional needs. “Will you listen to me so I can help you get
better?” is not goal directed and does not involve mutuality. “This is what is going to happen
during surgery” is simply one way. It does not engage the patient in a therapeutic manner.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
15. The central constructs of person, environment, health, and nursing are found in all nursing
theories and models and are referred to using which term?
a. Telehealth
b. Medical model
c. Nursing’s metaparadigm
d. Five core areas of competency
ANS: C
, Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of nursing,
but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in all theories
and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm. These constructs are the
“metalanguage” of nursing, and together they act as basic building blocks for the discipline of
professional nursing. Telehealth is fast becoming an integral part of the health care system,
used both as a live interactive mechanism (particularly in remote areas, where there is a
scarcity of health care providers) and as a way to track clinical data. Two important outcomes
are reduced health costs and increased access to care. During the last century, the bulk of
professional care was delivered in acute care settings, based on the disease-focused medical
model. Switching to today’s community focus recognizes the fact that chronic medical
conditions account for most of today’s care, with most being treated in the community. The
IOM Report Health professions education: A bridge to quality calls for the restructuring of
clinical education responsive to the 21st century health system transformation goals of
providing the highest quality and safest medical care possible. This report identified five core
areas of competency required to cross the bridge to quality.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. The discipline of nursing has “a unique perspective, a distinct way of viewing all phenomena,
which ultimately defines and limits the nature of its inquiry” related to which concepts?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being, and optimum
functioning of human beings, sick or well
b. Patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment in critical life
situations
c. Processes by which positive changes in health status are affected
d. Processes by which negative changes in health status are affected
e. Patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment in every life
situation
f. Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being, and optimum
functioning of human beings, in relation to wellness only
ANS: A, B, C
The discipline of nursing is said to have “a unique perspective, a distinct way of viewing all
phenomena, which ultimately defines and limits the nature of its inquiry,” related to
“Principles and laws that govern the life processes, well-being, and optimum functioning of
human beings, sick or well; patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment
in critical life situations; and processes by which positive changes in health status are
affected.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
,Chapter 02: Clarity and Safety in Communication
Boggs: Interpersonal Relationships, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse manager is teaching a group of nurses about patient safety. The nurse manager teaches
the nurses that patient safety is defined as “the prevention of errors and adverse effects to
patients associated with health care.” What is the source of this definition?
a. Hippocratic oath
b. World Health Organization
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing
d. American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics
ANS: B
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines patient safety as “the prevention of errors and
adverse effects to patients associated with health care.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
2. When conducting an in-service on serious medical errors, the nurse teaches that nearly 70% of
sentinel events are related to which staff-related issue?
a. Lack of education
b. Inadequate resources
c. Minimal rest periods
d. Miscommunication
ANS: D
Multiple studies have pinpointed miscommunication as a major causative agent in sentinel
events, that is, errors resulting in unnecessary death and serious injury. Miscommunication is
the root cause in nearly 70% of sentinel events. While the other options are error related none
are as significant as miscommunication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. When working on a nursing unit, the nurse recognizes that incomplete communication errors
most often occur during which activity?
a. Staff meetings
b. The night shift
c. A handoff procedure
d. Medication administration
ANS: C
The most common cause of error is incomplete communication during the very many
“handoffs” transferring responsibility for patient care to another care provider, another unit, or
agency. While incomplete communication can be noted at other times, the most significant
incidences occur during handoffs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
, 4. A student nurse is learning about how to reduce errors and increase safety. The nursing
instructor recognizes that further teaching is warranted when the student nurse makes which
statement concerning standardized communication?
a. “When communicating with patients, I will be clear.”
b. “I will be timely in my communication with patients.”
c. “I will promote communication with patients that is ambiguous.”
d. “When communicating with patients, I will ensure the patient understood.”
ANS: C
Standardization of communication is an effective tool to avoid incomplete or misleading
messages. Standardization needs to be institutionalized at the system level and implemented
consistently at the staff level. Safe communication about patient care matters needs to be clear,
unambiguous, timely, accurate, complete, open, and understood by the recipient to reduce
errors.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. The nurse manager recognizes that establishing a new safety culture involves which action?
a. Having support of effective health care teamwork
b. Providing encouragement for the development of individualism
c. Avoiding the discouragement of new concepts
d. Promoting the presence of a hierarchical system
ANS: A
A major international effort is underway to prioritize safety goals by improving
communication about patients among his or her various providers. The aim is to reduce
patient mortality, decrease medical errors, and promote effective health care teamwork.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
6. A nurse attending an in-service aimed to educate staff about reporting hospital errors learns
that which action should be avoided when creating a culture of safety?
a. Creating a way to advise and compensate harmed patients
b. Supporting care providers after adverse events
c. Ensuring the negative consequences of disclosing errors serve as a guide
d. Installing a nonpunitive reporting system
ANS: C
Many health care providers express concern about reporting errors or near miss incidents. The
system needs to be redesigned to be nonpunitive if we are to create a culture of safety. A
culture of safety is characterized by installing a strong, nonpunitive reporting system;
supporting care providers after adverse events; and developing a method to inform and
compensate patients who were harmed.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
7. When educating a newly diagnosed patient about management of diabetes mellitus, the nurse
understands the importance of providing clear instructions in order to avoid which issue?
