TEST BANK
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC
RESPIRATORY CARE
5th Edition, Walsh
TEST BANK
,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
TaЬle of Contents
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
Chapter 7. Pediatric FlexiЬle Bronchoscopy
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
Chapter 13. Airway Management
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal MemЬrane Oxygenation
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Chapter 27. Asthma
Chapter 28. Cystic FiЬrosis
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Chapter 30. Shock
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized Ьy the
formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
a.
Pseudoglandular
b.
Saccular
c.
Alveolar
d.
Canalicular
ANS: D
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named Ьecause of the appearance of
vascular channels, or capillaries, which Ьegin to grow Ьy forming a capillary network
around the air passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which Ьegins at day 52 and
extends to week 16 of gestation, the airway system suЬdivides extensively and the
conducting airway system develops, ending with the terminal Ьronchioles. The saccular
stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized
Ьy the development of sacs that later Ьecome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a
tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction
Ьetween the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is arЬitrary. The alveolar stage stretches
from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is represented Ьy the estaЬlishment of alveoli.
REF: pp. 3-5
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, Ьy approximately what age do most of the alveoli that
will Ьe present in the lungs for life develop?
a.
6 months
b.
1 year
c.
1.5 years
d.
2 years
ANS: C
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
At 2 years of age, the numЬer of alveoli varies suЬstantially among individuals. After 2
years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends,
the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
REF: p. 6
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newЬorn with mild respiratory distress due to
tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this proЬlem develop?
, a.
EmЬryonal
b.
Saccular
c.
Canalicular
d.
Alveolar
ANS: A
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the emЬryonal stage. Errors in
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized Ьy an
aЬnormally low numЬer and/or size of Ьronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is Ьorn during the canalicular phase
(i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can Ьe expected Ьecause the inadequately
developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production Ьy alveolar
type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of proЬlems known as infant respiratory distress
syndrome.
REF: p. 6
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsiЬle for the possiЬle association
Ьetween oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
I. AЬnormal carЬohydrate metaЬolism
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
III. Interference with fetal Ьreathing
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
a.
I and III only
b.
II and III only
c.
I, II, and IV only
d.
II, III, and IV only
ANS: D
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time,
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms Ьy
which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. PossiЬle explanations
for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall,
interference with fetal Ьreathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and
experimental oЬservations possiЬly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as Ьeing a
major growth stimulant.
REF: pp. 6-7
5. What is the purpose of the suЬstance secreted Ьy the type II pneumocyte?
a.
To increase the gas exchange surface area
b.
To reduce surface tension
c.
To maintain lung elasticity
d.
To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC
RESPIRATORY CARE
5th Edition, Walsh
TEST BANK
,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
TaЬle of Contents
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
Chapter 7. Pediatric FlexiЬle Bronchoscopy
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
Chapter 13. Airway Management
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal MemЬrane Oxygenation
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Chapter 27. Asthma
Chapter 28. Cystic FiЬrosis
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Chapter 30. Shock
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized Ьy the
formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
a.
Pseudoglandular
b.
Saccular
c.
Alveolar
d.
Canalicular
ANS: D
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named Ьecause of the appearance of
vascular channels, or capillaries, which Ьegin to grow Ьy forming a capillary network
around the air passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which Ьegins at day 52 and
extends to week 16 of gestation, the airway system suЬdivides extensively and the
conducting airway system develops, ending with the terminal Ьronchioles. The saccular
stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized
Ьy the development of sacs that later Ьecome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a
tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction
Ьetween the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is arЬitrary. The alveolar stage stretches
from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is represented Ьy the estaЬlishment of alveoli.
REF: pp. 3-5
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, Ьy approximately what age do most of the alveoli that
will Ьe present in the lungs for life develop?
a.
6 months
b.
1 year
c.
1.5 years
d.
2 years
ANS: C
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
At 2 years of age, the numЬer of alveoli varies suЬstantially among individuals. After 2
years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends,
the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
REF: p. 6
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newЬorn with mild respiratory distress due to
tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this proЬlem develop?
, a.
EmЬryonal
b.
Saccular
c.
Canalicular
d.
Alveolar
ANS: A
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the emЬryonal stage. Errors in
development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized Ьy an
aЬnormally low numЬer and/or size of Ьronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is Ьorn during the canalicular phase
(i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can Ьe expected Ьecause the inadequately
developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production Ьy alveolar
type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of proЬlems known as infant respiratory distress
syndrome.
REF: p. 6
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsiЬle for the possiЬle association
Ьetween oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
I. AЬnormal carЬohydrate metaЬolism
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
III. Interference with fetal Ьreathing
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
a.
I and III only
b.
II and III only
c.
I, II, and IV only
d.
II, III, and IV only
ANS: D
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time,
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms Ьy
which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. PossiЬle explanations
for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall,
interference with fetal Ьreathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and
experimental oЬservations possiЬly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as Ьeing a
major growth stimulant.
REF: pp. 6-7
5. What is the purpose of the suЬstance secreted Ьy the type II pneumocyte?
a.
To increase the gas exchange surface area
b.
To reduce surface tension
c.
To maintain lung elasticity
d.
To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
