WGU D115 OA AND PRE-OA REVIEW TEST BANK (UNIT 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 &7) 500 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GUARANTEED PASS)/ D115 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM TEST BANK (NEW!)

WGU D115 OA AND PRE-OA REVIEW TEST BANK
(UNIT 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 &7) 500 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GUARANTEED PASS)/
D115 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM TEST
BANK (NEW!)

What is the most common indication for genetic counseling?
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A) maternal age M




B) drug exposure during the first trimester?
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C) Increased maternal alpha-fetoprotein M M




D) history of previous still birth - ANSWER****A) maternal age
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The largest group of women who benefit from genetic counseling are those over the age of 35
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The FNP schedules a 38-year-old primigravida (first time pregnancy) for an amniocentesis at 16 weeks
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gestation. The FNP would explain that the purpose of this procedure is to:
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A) Assess for the possibility of twins
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B) Deterime the biliruben level M M M




C) Perform genetic studies M M




D) Assess L/S ratio - ANSWER****C) Perform genetic
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studies This womans age puts her at risk for Down
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Syndrome
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In the most commonly seen form of Turner Syndrome, how is the X chromosome affected?
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A) Each cell has only one X chromosome?
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B) Some cells have two X chromsomes, while the other cells have only one.
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C) Each cell has two X chromsomes, but part of the chromosome is missing.
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D) Each cell has an extra X chromosome - ANSWER****A) Each cell has only one X chromsome
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45% of persons with Turner Syndrome have monosomy X meaning there is only one copy of the X
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chromosome in each cell.
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,The FNP is assessing a newborn who is demonstrating a high-pitched cry, microcephaly, hypertelorism,
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hypotonia, and a low birth weight. The FNP would suspect which of the following genetic
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conditions?
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A) Down Syndrome M




B) Cri du chat M M




C) Charge syndrome M




D) Duncan disease - ANSWER****B) Cri du chatM M M M M M




The clinical symptoms of cri du chat syndrome usually include a high-pitched cat-like cry, mental
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retardation, delayed development, distinctive facial features, small head size (microcephaly), widely-
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spaced eyes (hypertelorism), low birth weight and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy.
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You are examining an 18-year-old man who is seeking a sports clearance physical exam. You note a mid-
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systolic murmur that gets louder as he stands. This may represent:
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A) Aortic Stenosis M




B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy M




C) A physiologic murmur
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D) A Still's murmur - ANSWER****B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Most murmurs diminish in intensity with standing due to reduced venous return to the heart and
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subsequently reduced right and left ventricular diastolic volumes. In contrast, the murmur of
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy becomes louder, and the murmur of mitral valve prolapse lengthens
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and often is intensified.Image result for aortic stenosis murmurThe typical murmur of aortic stenosis
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is a high-pitched, "diamond shaped" crescendo-decrescendo, midsystolic ejection murmur heard best
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at the right upper sternal border radiating to the neck and carotid arteries (see figure below). In mild
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aortic stenosis, the murmur peaks in early systole.physiologic murmurs are low-pitched sounds heard
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at the lower left sternal area. They are musical or have a relatively pure tone in quality or may be
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squeaky.
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These most commonly occur between age 3 and adolescence. Because they are low pitched, they are
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heard best with the bell of the stethoscopeStill's murmur (a.k.a. "innocent murmur" or "functional
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murmur") refers to a benign flow murmur across the aortic valve from high cardiac output and/or
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increased contractility (inotropy). Frequently seen in the pediatric population, Still's murmur can
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disappear as the person moves into adolescence.
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Which of the following is not directly associated with the lymphatic pathway?
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A) Lymphatic Trunk M




B) collecting duct M




C) subclavian vein M

,D) carotid artery - ANSWER****D) carotid artery
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The major components of the lymphatic system include lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic
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organs that contain lymphoid tissues. Lymphatic vessels are structures that absorb fluid that diffuses
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from blood vessel capillaries into surrounding tissues.
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The thymus is responsible for secreting
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A) Thymosin

B) Growth Hormone M




C) Macrophages

D) Plasma cells - ANSWER****A) Thymosin
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The thymus produces and secretes thymosin, a hormone necessary for T cell development and
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production. The thymus is special in that, unlike most organs, it is at its largest in children. Once you
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reach puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat.Growth hormone (GH)
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is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in a pulsatile fashion under the regulation of two
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hypothalamic peptides: GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates GH synthesis and secretion while
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somatostatin inhibits GH releaseMacrophages originate from blood monocytes that leave the
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circulation to differentiate in different tissues. There is a substantial heterogeneity among each
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macrophage population, which most probably reflects the required level of specialisation within the
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environment of any given tissue.Plasma cells arise from antigen-activated B cells in secondary
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lymphoid organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes. Remarkably, shortly after their formation
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plasma cells tend to home primarily to the bone marrow where they may persist for months or even
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years.
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Which of the following types of cytokines is responsible for the growth and maturation of B cells?
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A) Interleukin-1

B) Interleukin-2

C) Interleukin-4

D) Interleukin-7 - ANSWER****C) Interleukin-4 M M M




IL-4 is a cytokine with pleiotropic activity in the immune system (22), and it plays an essential role in
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Mthe activation of mature B cells as a cofactor for LPS, CD40L, and Ag stimulation to induce B cell
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Mdifferentiation, proliferation, and Ab secretion, mainly of IgG1 and IgE isotypesInterleukin-1 (IL-1) is
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Mthe prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. There are two forms of IL-1, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and in
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Mmost studies, their biological activities are indistinguishable. IL-1 affects nearly every cell type, often
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Min concert with another pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF).Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is
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Man interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15.5-16 kDa
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Mprotein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are
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Mresponsible for immunity.Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a non-hematopoietic cell-derived cytokine with a
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Mcentral role in the M M M

, adaptive immune system. It promotes lymphocyte development in the thymus and maintains survival of
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naive and memory T cell homeostasis in the periphery.
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Which of the following types of immunoglobulins is the most responsible for promoting allergic
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reactions?
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A) IgA

B) IgM

C) IgD

D) IgE - ANSWER****D) IgE
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Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are antibodies produced by the immune system. If you have an allergy, your
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Mimmune system overreacts to an allergen by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE).
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MThese antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction.Immunoglobulin A
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M(IgA) is the first line of defence in the resistance against infection, via inhibiting bacterial and viral
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Madhesion to epithelial cells and by neutralisation of bacterial toxins and virus, both extra- and
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Mintracellularly. IgA also eliminates pathogens or antigens via an IgA-mediated excretory pathway
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Mwhere binding to IgA is followed by polyimmunoglobulin receptor-mediated transport of immune
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Mcomplexes.Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several isotypes of antibody (also known as M M M M M M M M M M M M



Mimmunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the largest antibody, and it is the first
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Mantibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen.IgD (IgD) is a monomeric
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Mantibody isotype that is expressed in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes. IgD is also
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Mproduced in a secreted form that is found in small amounts in blood serum. It is known that IgD
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Msignals for B cells to be activated in order for them to
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participate in the immune defense. M M M M




Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?
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A) Graves disease M




B) Myasthenia gravis M




C) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus M M




D) Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER****D) Alzheimer's disease
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Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. It is a progressive disease beginning with
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mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond
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to the environment. Alzheimer's disease involves parts of the brain that control thought, memory,
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and language.Common autoimmune disorders include:Addison diseaseCeliac disease - sprue
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(gluten- sensitive enteropathy)DermatomyositisGraves diseaseHashimoto thyroiditisMultiple
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sclerosisMyasthenia gravisPernicious anemiaReactive arthritisRheumatoid arthritisSjögren
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syndromeSystemic lupus erythematosusType I diabetes
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