SPTM 416 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Macro-level Variables - Answers factors that can not be influenced by sport policies; competitiveness,
GDP, population, climate, religion, government
Micro-level Variables - Answers factors easily influenced by sport policies
Voice and Accountability - Answers captures perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens
are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression freedom of
association, and a free media
Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism - Answers measure perceptions of the likelihood
of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism
Government Effectiveness - Answers captures perceptions of the quality of public service, the quality
of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy
formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such
policies
Regulatory Quality - Answers captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and
implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development
Rule of Law - Answers captures perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and
abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights,
the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence
Control of Corruption - Answers captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is
exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of
the state by elites and private interests
Gender Gap - Answers economic participation, educational attainment, health and survival, and
political empowerment
Globalization - Answers a series of diverse, fluid and unpredictable global flows that include the
movement of capital, technology, people and mediated image
Why Globalization - Answers plateaued markets in home economy, connectivity, and easiness
(Friedman the world is flat)
Friedman's Stages of Globalization: Stage 1 - Answers (1492-1800) countries
Friedman's Stages of Globalization: Stage 2 - Answers (1800-2000) multinational companies
Friedman's Stages of Globalization: Stage 3 - Answers (2000 to present) individual
Global interaction - Answers employees, customers, suppliers, competitors, governments, governing
agencies, and investors
Cultural imperialism - Answers westernization instead globalizations, homogeneity, and destroying
local culture
Marxist View - Answers markets to sell products, markets to get resources, cheap skilled labor
Dependency View - Answers unequal trading partners, skilled labor drawn away from lower partner
to high partner, and lower still needs higher
Impact of Isolation: Western Europe - Answers connectivity as opposed to Japan or South Africa of US
Impact of Isolation: England - Answers on fringe, isolated by land, isolated ideas
Serbia - Answers criminals
Scotland/Norther Ireland - Answers catholics vs protestants
England - Answers the hooligans
Brazil - Answers the top hats
Ukraine - Answers racism
Culture - Answers collective programming of the mind distinguishing members of one group or
category of people from others; consists of commonly experiences language, ideological beliefs,
religion and political beliefs, ethnic heritage and history
Hofstede Variables - Answers power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long
term orientation and gratification
Cultural Congruence - Answers cultural forces affect the kind of leader behavior effective within a
culture; leadership behavior that is consistent with those values will be more acceptable and effective
than those that are conflicting, and violation of cultural norms will result in dissatisfaction, conflict
resistance and less productivity
Cultural Difference - Answers increase task performance will occur based on the introduction of
selected values, techniques and behavior patterns that are different from common values
Universality - Answers they are the leadership behaviors that are universally accepted and effective
Macro-level Variables - Answers factors that can not be influenced by sport policies; competitiveness,
GDP, population, climate, religion, government
Micro-level Variables - Answers factors easily influenced by sport policies
Voice and Accountability - Answers captures perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens
are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression freedom of
association, and a free media
Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism - Answers measure perceptions of the likelihood
of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism
Government Effectiveness - Answers captures perceptions of the quality of public service, the quality
of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy
formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such
policies
Regulatory Quality - Answers captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and
implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development
Rule of Law - Answers captures perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and
abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights,
the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence
Control of Corruption - Answers captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is
exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of
the state by elites and private interests
Gender Gap - Answers economic participation, educational attainment, health and survival, and
political empowerment
Globalization - Answers a series of diverse, fluid and unpredictable global flows that include the
movement of capital, technology, people and mediated image
Why Globalization - Answers plateaued markets in home economy, connectivity, and easiness
(Friedman the world is flat)
Friedman's Stages of Globalization: Stage 1 - Answers (1492-1800) countries
Friedman's Stages of Globalization: Stage 2 - Answers (1800-2000) multinational companies
Friedman's Stages of Globalization: Stage 3 - Answers (2000 to present) individual
Global interaction - Answers employees, customers, suppliers, competitors, governments, governing
agencies, and investors
Cultural imperialism - Answers westernization instead globalizations, homogeneity, and destroying
local culture
Marxist View - Answers markets to sell products, markets to get resources, cheap skilled labor
Dependency View - Answers unequal trading partners, skilled labor drawn away from lower partner
to high partner, and lower still needs higher
Impact of Isolation: Western Europe - Answers connectivity as opposed to Japan or South Africa of US
Impact of Isolation: England - Answers on fringe, isolated by land, isolated ideas
Serbia - Answers criminals
Scotland/Norther Ireland - Answers catholics vs protestants
England - Answers the hooligans
Brazil - Answers the top hats
Ukraine - Answers racism
Culture - Answers collective programming of the mind distinguishing members of one group or
category of people from others; consists of commonly experiences language, ideological beliefs,
religion and political beliefs, ethnic heritage and history
Hofstede Variables - Answers power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long
term orientation and gratification
Cultural Congruence - Answers cultural forces affect the kind of leader behavior effective within a
culture; leadership behavior that is consistent with those values will be more acceptable and effective
than those that are conflicting, and violation of cultural norms will result in dissatisfaction, conflict
resistance and less productivity
Cultural Difference - Answers increase task performance will occur based on the introduction of
selected values, techniques and behavior patterns that are different from common values
Universality - Answers they are the leadership behaviors that are universally accepted and effective
