SPTM 416 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is the Westphalian Sports Model? - Answers It is the existing international sports framework
that promotes sovereignty, self-determination, and equality between states. It also promotes the
non-intervention of one state into the internal affairs of another state. In this model, athletes
represent their country.
Countries Athletes are organized under what in the Westphalian Sports Model? - Answers National
Federation of each sport (ex; US Soccer)
The National Federations are under what two groups? - Answers The international Federation (ex;
FIFA) and the National Olympic Committees (USOC)
What is the Multinational Sport Enterprises (MSNEs)? - Answers They are international or cross-
border entities that place business interestss over sovereignty. They are primarily driven by business
interests and consist of athletes from many different nations.
What are some examples of MSNEs? - Answers NHL, NBA, and English Premier League
What is Globalization? - Answers It is transformational -- Transnational companies and organizations
that superseded the national intrests. They will need to operate beyond the regulatory reaches of
nations.
What are the two major thrust to the marketing of sport? - Answers - The marketing of the sport
product to the sport consumer, you must meet the consumers wants and needs. (Olympics, NBA,
Nike, ManU)
- The use of sport by traditional products to promote those products (Coke, UPS, Mcdonalds)
What is impact of globalizing a sport on the local culture? - Answers - there is less profitable sport
impact because the major sports markets are better
- Cultural imperialism may occur due to the debate between the westernization v. globalization
models.
- There could be better athletes drawn to the Western Sports
What is a migrant athlete? - Answers A migrant athlete is one that moves within nations, or between
nations on the same continent and hemispheres, or different continents and hemispheres
What are the five different migrant employee types? - Answers Pioneers, Settlers, Returnees,
Mercenaries, and Nomadic Cosmopolitans
What was the Bosman Decision? - Answers The Bosman ruling essentially allowed footballers to join
other clubs for free following the expiration of their contract. Players out of contract have the luxury
of moving wherever they want.
What are mediated images? - Answers They are broadcasts of international competitions. The sales
of rights to broadcast local competitions internationally and repackaging of competitions into video
for sales is a huge revenue booster.
What are the nine pillars of the Meso-Level - Answers - Financial support
- Integrated Approach to Policay Development
-Participation in Sport
- Talent Identification and Development System
- Training Facilities
- Coaching Provision and Development
- International Competition
- Scientific research
What are some examples of the integrated approach to policy development? - Answers The role of
the government is extremely important and at what level (National, regional, or local)
- The governments view of sport, the role of ministry of sport, the role of the NOC in the sport, and
the role of the federation are all important aspects to know
Why is participation in sport important for the SPLISS model? - Answers The physical education
requirements that primary and secondary schools have is important in the development of athletes.
Also the athletes access to good clubs sports as well as school sports can effect the development of
players at young ages.
Why is talent identification and development systems in countries important to a successful SPLISS
model? - Answers It is important to recogize the general vs sport specific development of children.
You must take in to consideration ages, physical vs mental criterias and measurable vs intangibles.
How do you have children play at young ages? mandated, suggested, independent?
, What are some consistent themes in athlete development models? - Answers - The developmental
stages definitions can change in number and classifications can differ
- At a younger ages decentralized
- the developmental years more centralized because more support and guidance from sport
organizations
What is important in the athletes post career support? - Answers The abilit to support ones self while
training. This can come from federation, NOC support, club support, grants, or self-sustained.
Depends on how much money they are making playing their sport.
What are some aspects of training facilities that alter how useful they are? - Answers - quality
- services
- proximity
- criteria for access
What are some of the aspects of coaching provision and coaching development? - Answers Coaching
education; how a coach is taught and if they studied it at a university or if they were required to get
certifications. Certifications can be both general or sports specific. Are there requirements around
what coaches are mandated to do in order to be able to coach?
Why is national competition important in sport development? - Answers national teams and athletes
bring a different type of opputunites and ages that the team is competing against.
What are the outputs of the SPLISS model? - Answers Development; Medals and compeitions wins
are the physical measures of development. Participation levels and number of athletes achieving their
personal bests or breaking personal or national records and number of athletes qualifying for specific
competitions is also a way to measure success.
What is the Financial Analysis you must take into consideration when measuring success in the SPLISS
model? - Answers - Cost per Medal
- Cost per point.
- Priority status; targeted performance leads to target accuracy percentage
What is the most important things to remember when trying have a successful SPLISS model? -
Answers - Analytical Hierarchy Process; a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex
decisions based on mathematics and psychology.
- Commitment to Long-Term Athlete/Sport Development
- Remove emotions from the process -- just the facts!!
In Soccernomics what is the point made on dashboard vs. old school - Answers There is a cultural
conflict on using analytics to coach. A lot of older coaches make the rationale that "we have always
done it this was". Gradual implementation is important because coaches don't want to use what they
can not understand.
Why does Soccernomics say that just giving money is not the pathway to sport success - Answers
Island is an example of a country with not a ton if money that just simply had a passion for soccer and
therefor gave their time and resources to build indoor facilities and higher professional coaches for
young players. The point made was that developing countries need a system not just a pitch.
Organization is key, the 10,000 hour rule of practice to make a talented player. Politics also have a
large influence in the success.
What are the levels of the IOC Governance? - Answers Management; IOC headquarters
Corporate Governance; IOC Session
Governance Management; Session and staff carrying out its mission
Harmonization; Dispute resolution/coordination/communication
Meta-goverance; involvement in other causes
What are the IOC Governance Principles - Answers - Transparent
- Democratic
- Accountable
- Autonomous
- Socially Responsible
What is the International Olympic Committee (IOC)? - Answers It is the non-governmental, non-profit
sport organization based in Switzerland.
Its main purpose is to promote Olympism and is the supreme authority of the Olympic Movement.
What are the IOC's main Responsibilities? - Answers - Recognize one IF per sport
- Recognize one NOC per country
- Elect a city to host summer and winter Olympic Games
What is the Westphalian Sports Model? - Answers It is the existing international sports framework
that promotes sovereignty, self-determination, and equality between states. It also promotes the
non-intervention of one state into the internal affairs of another state. In this model, athletes
represent their country.
Countries Athletes are organized under what in the Westphalian Sports Model? - Answers National
Federation of each sport (ex; US Soccer)
The National Federations are under what two groups? - Answers The international Federation (ex;
FIFA) and the National Olympic Committees (USOC)
What is the Multinational Sport Enterprises (MSNEs)? - Answers They are international or cross-
border entities that place business interestss over sovereignty. They are primarily driven by business
interests and consist of athletes from many different nations.
What are some examples of MSNEs? - Answers NHL, NBA, and English Premier League
What is Globalization? - Answers It is transformational -- Transnational companies and organizations
that superseded the national intrests. They will need to operate beyond the regulatory reaches of
nations.
What are the two major thrust to the marketing of sport? - Answers - The marketing of the sport
product to the sport consumer, you must meet the consumers wants and needs. (Olympics, NBA,
Nike, ManU)
- The use of sport by traditional products to promote those products (Coke, UPS, Mcdonalds)
What is impact of globalizing a sport on the local culture? - Answers - there is less profitable sport
impact because the major sports markets are better
- Cultural imperialism may occur due to the debate between the westernization v. globalization
models.
- There could be better athletes drawn to the Western Sports
What is a migrant athlete? - Answers A migrant athlete is one that moves within nations, or between
nations on the same continent and hemispheres, or different continents and hemispheres
What are the five different migrant employee types? - Answers Pioneers, Settlers, Returnees,
Mercenaries, and Nomadic Cosmopolitans
What was the Bosman Decision? - Answers The Bosman ruling essentially allowed footballers to join
other clubs for free following the expiration of their contract. Players out of contract have the luxury
of moving wherever they want.
What are mediated images? - Answers They are broadcasts of international competitions. The sales
of rights to broadcast local competitions internationally and repackaging of competitions into video
for sales is a huge revenue booster.
What are the nine pillars of the Meso-Level - Answers - Financial support
- Integrated Approach to Policay Development
-Participation in Sport
- Talent Identification and Development System
- Training Facilities
- Coaching Provision and Development
- International Competition
- Scientific research
What are some examples of the integrated approach to policy development? - Answers The role of
the government is extremely important and at what level (National, regional, or local)
- The governments view of sport, the role of ministry of sport, the role of the NOC in the sport, and
the role of the federation are all important aspects to know
Why is participation in sport important for the SPLISS model? - Answers The physical education
requirements that primary and secondary schools have is important in the development of athletes.
Also the athletes access to good clubs sports as well as school sports can effect the development of
players at young ages.
Why is talent identification and development systems in countries important to a successful SPLISS
model? - Answers It is important to recogize the general vs sport specific development of children.
You must take in to consideration ages, physical vs mental criterias and measurable vs intangibles.
How do you have children play at young ages? mandated, suggested, independent?
, What are some consistent themes in athlete development models? - Answers - The developmental
stages definitions can change in number and classifications can differ
- At a younger ages decentralized
- the developmental years more centralized because more support and guidance from sport
organizations
What is important in the athletes post career support? - Answers The abilit to support ones self while
training. This can come from federation, NOC support, club support, grants, or self-sustained.
Depends on how much money they are making playing their sport.
What are some aspects of training facilities that alter how useful they are? - Answers - quality
- services
- proximity
- criteria for access
What are some of the aspects of coaching provision and coaching development? - Answers Coaching
education; how a coach is taught and if they studied it at a university or if they were required to get
certifications. Certifications can be both general or sports specific. Are there requirements around
what coaches are mandated to do in order to be able to coach?
Why is national competition important in sport development? - Answers national teams and athletes
bring a different type of opputunites and ages that the team is competing against.
What are the outputs of the SPLISS model? - Answers Development; Medals and compeitions wins
are the physical measures of development. Participation levels and number of athletes achieving their
personal bests or breaking personal or national records and number of athletes qualifying for specific
competitions is also a way to measure success.
What is the Financial Analysis you must take into consideration when measuring success in the SPLISS
model? - Answers - Cost per Medal
- Cost per point.
- Priority status; targeted performance leads to target accuracy percentage
What is the most important things to remember when trying have a successful SPLISS model? -
Answers - Analytical Hierarchy Process; a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex
decisions based on mathematics and psychology.
- Commitment to Long-Term Athlete/Sport Development
- Remove emotions from the process -- just the facts!!
In Soccernomics what is the point made on dashboard vs. old school - Answers There is a cultural
conflict on using analytics to coach. A lot of older coaches make the rationale that "we have always
done it this was". Gradual implementation is important because coaches don't want to use what they
can not understand.
Why does Soccernomics say that just giving money is not the pathway to sport success - Answers
Island is an example of a country with not a ton if money that just simply had a passion for soccer and
therefor gave their time and resources to build indoor facilities and higher professional coaches for
young players. The point made was that developing countries need a system not just a pitch.
Organization is key, the 10,000 hour rule of practice to make a talented player. Politics also have a
large influence in the success.
What are the levels of the IOC Governance? - Answers Management; IOC headquarters
Corporate Governance; IOC Session
Governance Management; Session and staff carrying out its mission
Harmonization; Dispute resolution/coordination/communication
Meta-goverance; involvement in other causes
What are the IOC Governance Principles - Answers - Transparent
- Democratic
- Accountable
- Autonomous
- Socially Responsible
What is the International Olympic Committee (IOC)? - Answers It is the non-governmental, non-profit
sport organization based in Switzerland.
Its main purpose is to promote Olympism and is the supreme authority of the Olympic Movement.
What are the IOC's main Responsibilities? - Answers - Recognize one IF per sport
- Recognize one NOC per country
- Elect a city to host summer and winter Olympic Games
