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1. Trust vs. Mistrust Occurs from Birth to 18 months;
Erikson's 1st stage of Develop-
ment; Caregiver must provide ba-
sic needs. To resolve this stage
needs must be met.
2. Birth to 6 months old Makes reflex movements like
sucking and startling.
3. I should remove extra blankets, toys, and pillows A nurse is teaching about crib
from my baby's crib safety with the parent of a new-
born. Which of the following
statements by the client indicates
understanding of the teaching?
4. Initiative vs. Guilt Age: 3-6 years old; Child ex-
plores the world and their abili-
ties; Positive reinforcement leads
to a sense of purpose.
5. A,B,C,E Which of the following would be
examples of positive reinforcers?
Clapping, offering praise, and giving rewards are (Select all that apply.)
all positive reinforcements that are likely to in-
crease desired behavior(s). Time-out is a type A. Clapping for a child who suc-
of negative punishment used to discourage un- cessfully used the toilet
wanted behavior.
B. Offering praise for a child who
behaved in a store
C. Taking a child to the playground
after a positive teacher report
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D. Placing a child in time-out for
misbehavior.
E. Stickers for positive play with
peers.
6. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Age: 18 months - 3 years; Erikson's
2nd stage of Development; Child
strive to make decisions for them-
selves; Providing guidance, safe-
ty and security; Overly restrictive
parents will cause the child to feel
shame and doubt in their own
abilities
7. C. Allowing the child limited choices How is the toddler's need for au-
tonomy best met?
The toddler's need for autonomy can best be
supported by allowing the child choices with- A. The parents' consistently meet-
in limits. Parents consistently meet the child's ing the child's needs
needs during the infant period. In later develop- B. Encouraging imaginative play
mental stages, imaginative play is encouraged, C. Allowing the child limited choic-
and experimentation is promoted to determine es
cause and effect. D. Promoting experimentation to
determine cause and effect
8. 3-6 years old A child having an imaginary friend
or companion is perceived as nor-
mal at this age/stage of childhood
development; Should be encour-
aged.
9. Identity vs. role confusion
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Age: 12-18 years; Erikson's 5th
Stage of Development; Teens de-
velop of sense of who they are (in-
dividuality); Decisions about their
education/career choices along
with physical changes occur at this
stage. If needs are not met at this
stage self doubt emerges.
10. Suicide Between ages 12-19 (adoles-
cents); _______________ may be
the result of feelings of inade-
quacy, depression over bullying
or breaking up with a boyfriend
or girlfriend, or mental illness;
_____________ is more common
in this age group because their
impulse control has not fully de-
veloped; thus, they may act on an
impulse without considering the
consequences.
11. Industry vs. Inferiority Age: 6-12 years; Erikson's 4th
Stage of Development; Refining
previously acquired skills and de-
veloping a peer social network;
Develops a sense of self-worth
based on accomplishments while
avoiding feelings of failure.
12. C. Identity vs. role confusion A 13-year-old child states, "I don't
know if I want to go to college or
Rationale: This child's statement indicates a
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struggle to establish a sense of identity, which start working after high school."
is characteristic of the identity vs. role confu- Which stage of psychosocial de-
sion stage. The intimacy vs. isolation stage is velopment is indicated by this
characterized by establishing intimate bonds of child's uncertainty?
love and friendship. Looking back over one's
life and accepting its meaning are observed in A. Intimacy vs. isolation
the ego integrity vs. despair stage of psychoso- B. Ego integrity vs. despair
cial development. The generativity vs. stagnation C. Identity vs. role confusion
stage is seen in middle adulthood, where ful- D. Generativity vs. stagnation
filling life goals that involve family, career, and
society plays an important role.
13. 6-12 years old Child is now entering school,
bones lengthening and slimming
down. Children start participating
more frequently in sports and ac-
tivities.
14. Intimacy vs. Isolation Age: 18-40; Erikson's 6th Stage of
Development; Young adults have
achieved a sense of identity and
have set a path for where they
are going. The main task of this
phase is to develop an intimate
and trusting relationship with an-
other person (Physical and emo-
tional intimacy); People who fail
at developing such a relationship
may retreat into isolation.
15. 18-40 years old At which age would assessment
of lifestyle including sensitive is-