PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 6 – General Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Grade A | Portage Learning

PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 6 – General Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Grade A | Portage Learning 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: In a classical conditioning experiment, a dog that has been trained to salivate to a tone will no longer do so if food is never presented just before the tone. This is an example of: Answer extinction Q: In classical conditioning, if a dog is trained to salivate to a high-pitched tone can also salivate to a tone with a lower pitch, this is an example of (two words): Answer stimulus generalization Q: In a classical conditioning study, a dog knows to salivate to food. This dog then hears a tone, is given food, and then eventually learns to salivate to the tone alone. In this study, the salivation when seeing food is the (two words): Answer unconditioned response Q: Sometimes an animal or person who does not initially get a reward for exploring something new will learn better than a person or animal who gets a reward on the first day. Answer It is as if the animal or person who did not get the reward is forming a better mental (or cognitive) map. This is an example of (two words): latent learning Q: The relatively permanent change in behavior knowledge, capability or attitude acquired through experience is called: Answer learning Q: The type of response a behavior gets will determine whether the same response will be strengthened in the future and behaviors followed by something uncomfortable will be less likely to occur. For example, a cat that learns that pressing a switch will allow it to escape a maze, will be more likely to press that switch in the future. This is known as the (three words): Answer law of effect Q: One kind of learning occurs when a stimulus (a knock on the door) occurs before a second stimulus (the appearance of a good friend) which then causes a behavior (smiling). Eventually, the second stimulus is not needed, and the first (a knock on the door) will cause the behavior (smiling). This kind of learning is called (two words) Answer classical conditioning Q: In operant conditioning, a behavior that removes something pleasant is less likely to be repeated. For example, a teenager stops coming home late because the teenager does not want to lose her or his privileges. This is an example of (two words): Answer negative punishment Q: To teach an animal to do a complex trick, the researcher using operant conditioning rewards each action the animal does that is partly in the direction desired by the researcher. For example, if a researcher wants a mouse to climb a ladder, the researcher may first reward the rat for just touching the ladder. Then later, reward the rat for putting its paw on the next highest rung of the ladder. This is an example of: Answer shaping Q: In operant conditioning, a behavior that removes something unpleasant is more likely to be repeated. For example, a young person is more likely to clean up his or her room to avoid the unpleasant consequence of getting nagged by his or her parents. This is an example of (two words): Answer negative reinforcement Q: Learning by watching how others are rewarded or punished (such as learning a new behavior by watching TV characters) is called (two words): Answer observational learning Q: The foundation of all learning is the ability to connect two very different sensations or perceptions together in the mind. (i.e., putting the sound of a dog together with the image of a dog). This foundation is called (two words): Answer associative learning Q: Changes in behavior that seem to be based on biological makeup, which are triggered by changes in the time or year (e.g., some animals migrate in winter) or aging (some animals have a critical period in which they will bond to their mother) is called: Answer instinct Q: In operant conditioning, some things will increase the likelihood of a behavior. For example, if a pigeon presses a button, it gets a bit of food, which makes it more likely to press the button in the future. Adding a consequence, such as food, that increases a behavior is called: Answer reinforcement Q: In a classical conditioning study, a dog knows to salivate to food. This dog then hears a tone, is given food, and then eventually learns to salivate to the tone alone. In this study, the food is the (two words): Answer unconditioned stimulus Q: The type of learning that increases or decreases a behavior using reinforcers or punishers is called (two words): Answer operant conditioning Q: In operant conditioning, a behavior that creates a pleasant outcome is more likely to be repeated. For example, a young person is more to study hard for an exam, if the first time that person studied hard that person got an A on the first exam. This is an example of (two words): Answer positive reinforcement Q: What is the primary symptom of delusional disorder? Answer The presence of deeply held false beliefs Q: A person who is a victim of a violent crime would most likely experience which of the following? Answer Trauma Q: In the Middle Ages, treatments for mental illness in Europe focused on Answer Demonology Q: Which one of the following best refers to a significant impairment in psychological functioning? Answer Mental disorder Q: A person who regularly visited the practitioner of the first psychological technique designed to promote positive changes in his or her behavior would be a client of Answer Sigmund Freud Q: Unlike psychoanalysts, behavior therapists believe that: Answer Deep insight into one's problems is often unnecessary for improvement Q: An individual hears voices in his head that instruct him to hurt himself. Which of the following terms best describes this imaginary perception? Answer Hallucination Q: A person who participates in free association exercises and explores the content of his or her dreams is likely receiving Answer Psychoanalysis Q: In general, methods characterized as action therapies focus on Answer How to fix the problem Answer the brain is to the mind. Q: An individual experiencing a prolonged and deep depression starts taking drugs legally for treatment and becomes addicted, thus complicating the primary mood disorder with a secondary substance use disorder. Which health condition is being exemplified here? Answer Comorbidity Q: Q: The _____ lobes are located behind the forehead. Answer frontal Q: A house is to a home as: Q: The _____ lobes of the cerebral cortex are MOST directly involved in hearing. Answer temporal Q: Timothy has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has mostly auditory hallucinations. When he is experiencing such a hallucination his _______ cortex is active. Answer auditory The manifestation of a psychological disorder is referred to as: Answer Psychopathology Which of the following is considered a compulsion? Answer The excessive need to do things in fours Genetic factors play a stronger role in bipolar disorder than in major depressive disorder. Answer true Which of the following perspectives posits that disorders stem from childhood and unresolved or unconscious conflicts? Answer Psychodynamic perspective Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an example of a: Answer Self-help group For the majority of states in the United States, which type of mental health professional can prescribe medication? Psychiatrist In the past, electroshock treatment was frequently administered in psychiatric asylums, and is still used today in a treatment known as: Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) Mike is a patient that is seeking help for his fear of close spaces (claustrophobia). One of Mike's greatest challenges is going in an elevator up to the 10th floor office location for his new job. As a result, Mike has been taking the stairs up and down the building several times a day, which is costing him valuable time and energy. Mike decides to seek the help of a therapist who suggests that Mike gradually start by taking the elevator for just 1 floor the first week, 2 floors the second week, etc. until he can tolerate riding all the way to the 10th floor. This method is known as: Systematic desensitization Stanley Milgram's (1963) electric shock experiment, where participants were instructed to give shocks to confederates in increasing intensity, demonstrated the social psychology concept of: Obedience Which social psychology concept asserts that individuals tend to pick mates that they view as their equals in physical attractiveness and social desirability? Matching hypothesis According to the elaboration likelihood model, the central route is the main method of delivering a persuasive message. false The vast majority of human behavior in society is considered prosocial behavior. true There is no known single cause of schizophrenia. true Narcissistic PD individual has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and entitlement; arrogant, demanding, exploitive, and invasive; craves admiration and affection, lacks empathy Antisocial PD Individual disregards rights and feelings of others; is manipulative, impulsive, selfish, aggressive, and willing to break the law, lie, cheat, and exploit others for personal gain, without remorse; typically associated with people of low SES Histrionic PD Individual seeks attention and approval; is overdramatic, self-centered, shallow, demanding, manipulative, easily bored, and suggestible. craves excitement in the form of sexual seduction. Borderline PD Individual is unstable in mood, behavior, self-image, and social relationships. Exhibits impulsive and reckless behavior and inappropriate anger; makes suicidal gestures and performs self-mutilating acts One of the greatest risk factors for developing social anxiety disorder is characterized by a consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar circumstances. This risk factor is known as: Behavioral inhibition A study comparing the ICD to the DSM found that worldwide, the DSM is more frequently used for clinical diagnosis. False Limitations of group therapy include which of the following? (Check all that apply): -Concerns about confidentiality -Participants may be afraid to speak in front of others -Personality clashes To replace the psychiatric asylums of the past, currently there are psychiatric hospitals, where the average length of stay is approximately 90 days False The concept that certain populations are exposed to multiple threats is referred to as: Intersectionality Which theory suggests that the reason people help others is to make themselves feel better? Negative state relief model The mental process of developing judgements about other people is referred to as: Impression formation The quizmaster study (1977) demonstrated which social psychology concept? Fundamental attribution error Panic attacks cannot result from the physiological effects of drugs, other substances, a medical condition, or another mental disorder. true According to the American Psychiatric Association, a psychological disorder consists of all of the following -The disturbance leads to significant distress in one's life. -The disturbance reflects some kind of biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction -The disturbance does not reflect expected or culturally approved responses to certain events. Panic attacks cannot result from the physiological effects of drugs, other substances, a medical condition, or another mental disorder. true Panic disorder is nearly three times more likely among individuals with which of the following health conditions: Asthma Why is culturally sensitive therapy important? Some cultures have different norms that will change their interventions and interactions. The "client" in family and couple's therapy is: the relationship The famous Stanford prison experiment that studied the concept of social roles and scripts has been successfully replicated. false The gaps between segments of myelin sheath that occur at regular intervals are called nodes of Ranvier. Sodium ions move across the axon cell membrane during an action potential. The lobe of the brain with primary responsibility for processing bodily sensations is the parietal lobe The ________ of the brain contains both the motor cortex and areas involved in for judgment, decisions and planning. frontal lobe The subcortical brain system that is primarily responsible for the experience of emotions is the: limbic system The function of the axon is to: transmit electrical messages from the cell body to the other muscles, glands, or neurons. The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism around capillaries that stops some chemicals from passing from the bloodstream to the brain Which part of a neuron is specialized to receive information from other neurons? NOR The axon terminal (button) Cortical representation of specific body areas in primary motor cortex reflect the amount of neural input to that area. Ian has been in a coma since he was in a serious car accident. He is still on medical life support because he is unable to breathe and his heart will not beat without assistance. It is likely that the accident caused damage to Ian's: medulla Researchers have found that men generally are more likely than women to be willing to consent to sex with strangers and to require less emotional investment for sex to occur. From an evolutionary perspective this is likely because: the investment cost of a pregnancy is much higher for a woman than a man Evolutionary theory assumes that individuals who receive a competitive advantage from inherited traits will be more likely to survive, reproduce, and thus pass on these adaptive traits to future generations. This process is known as: natural selection. Spinal reflexes are reflexes that: NOT can be triggered without any involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. The axon of a neuron extends to muscle fibres and synapses there. This neuron would be classified as a(n): NOT sensory neuron. The changes in the resting potential of a neuron occurring at the post synaptic membrane and that are proportional to the amount of incoming stimulation from other neurons are called: NOT action potentials OR resting potential You are dozing off when the book you have been reading falls to the floor with a loud thud that startles you. You jump, your heartbeat and breathing rate accelerate, and your mouth goes dry. Which part of your nervous system has been activated? NOT the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A male peacock has bright feathers even though this could potentially make him a target for predators. Which of the following best explains his bright feathers? mating advantage The brain structure responsible for 'relaying' sensory information to the cortex is the: thalamus Severe damage to the right side of the motor cortex: would produce paralysis on the left side of the body. In the human body, the ______________ system is responsible for activating the body for such things as the fight-or-flight response, while the ___________ system is responsible for calming and slowing down the body. sympathetic; parasympathetic To image electrical activity of neurons firing in the brain researchers use _________ which attaches electrodes to the outside of a person’s head. electroencephalogram (EEG) One of the primary functions of the thalamus is to: receive input from the sensory organs via sensory axons, which is then send on to the appropriate sensory brain area. Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic neuron are called: excitatory transmitters. Which of the following might be an evolutionary explanation of why humor exists in humans? sexual selection: potential mates would likely be attracted to humor The ____________ has been shown to be important for the encoding of new episodic memories. hippocampus A neuron is responsible for conveying a message from the brain to a particular muscle, such as the muscle that contracts your eyelid. This neuron would be classified as a(n): motor neuron. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are: sympathetic and parasympathetic. What is the effect of the myelin sheath on the conduction of neural impulses? Myelin sheaths increase the speed of electrical conduction. Julie was a concert pianist until, in a serious skiing accident, she sustained severe damage to her ______ so that she was no longer able to control the timing and coordination of her motor movements. cerebellum Which of the following is NOT an example bias from the error management theory (EMT)? textual cover bias The __________ fluid nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it. cerebrospinal The gaps between segments of myelin sheath that occur at regular intervals are called: nodes of Ranvier. Imagine a person has the ability to pull a lever that will direct a speeding train onto one of two tracks. Unfortunately, their best friend is tied to one of the tracks and their sibling is tied to the other. Which of the following would best explain people's widespread desire to choose to save a sibling? inclusive fitness There are two large classes of adaptations; survival adaptations (mechanisms that helped our ancestors to handle the "hostile forces of nature") and __________________________ . those that aided our ancestors in mate competition. The nervous system communicates the difference between a strong and weak stimulus by: varying the firing rate of the neuron. If researchers discovered a new animal, and the animal's motor cortex had larger areas dedicated to the toes than to the fingers, it would indicate that the animal's: toes are probably more capable of fine motor movements than the fingers The synapse is a tiny gap between: he axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the membrane of the postsynaptic cell, The basal ganglia has been shown to be involved in: NOT controlling reflexive, automatic, and rapid movements. Which of the following techniques can be used with the functioning, working brain? EEG, PET or fMRI can all be used. The event that causes the release of neurotransmitter into the cleft is the arrival of the action potential at the axon terminal (button) There are two large classes of adaptations; survival adaptations (mechanisms that helped our ancestors to handle the "hostile forces of nature") and __________________________ . those that aided our ancestors in mate competition. Stimulation of sensory receptors of the skin is processed by the somatosensory cortex, which is located in the parietal lobes Imagine a person has the ability to pull a lever that will direct a speeding train onto one of two tracks. Unfortunately, their best friend is tied to one of the tracks and their sibling is tied to the other. Which of the following would best explain people's widespread desire to choose to save a sibling? inclusive fitness The brief electrical 'message' that is repeatedly re-activated down the axon is called the NOT post synaptic potential. PET scans and fMRIs are examples of which method of measuring brain-behaviour relations? brain imaging Voltage gated sodium channels are found NOT embedded in the cell membrane around the entire neuron Acetylcholine (Ach) is known to be involved in: memory and muscle activity. A neuron is responsible for conveying a message from the brain to a particular muscle, such as the muscle that contracts your eyelid. This neuron would be classified as a(n): motor neuron. The function of the myelin sheath is to: NOT protect the cell from blood borne poisons The two ways that neurotransmitters can be deactivated are: NOT presynaptic reuptake and post synaptic uptake. While survival is important, it is only important if it contributes to reproductive success. These differences in heritable attributes are also known as _____________. natural selection The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are: somatic and autonomic.