PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 4 – General Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Grade A | Portage Learning

PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 4 – General Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Grade A | Portage Learning 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: In a study described in the textbook, people read passages that put them in the middle of scenes with objects spread around them. They read, for example, "Directly behind you at eye level is an ornate lamp attached to the balcony wall." When asked to recall the details of the scenes, participants Answer took more time to say what objects were behind them. Q: The "hiker puzzle," which is presented in the textbook, illustrates the point that Answer the way a problem is represented will affect its difficulty. Q: First proposed by the philosopher H. Paul Grice, ________ is an overarching rule of audience design. Answer the cooperative principle Q: Which of the following is an example of judgment? Answer Answer She didn't think their marriage would work. Q: A review of the research on the ability of people to engage in deductive reasoning would lead you to the conclusion that Answer the use of deductive reasoning is affected by one's specific knowledge and representational resources. Q: Your teacher is trying to get the class to use analogical problem solving. When he gives you a problem to solve by analogical reasoning, you will increase your chances of being successful by Answer using past experiences with similar problems. Q: In an experimental psychology class, the students watch a rat run from the start box to a goal box in a maze that has been set up to allow only left-hand turns. The rat's behavior reminds the students of problem solving. In this context, the maze would be equivalent to the Answer problem space Q: An executive's chair has begun to wobble because a screw has gotten a little loose, so he calls the maintenance department. His inability to realize that a dime from his pocket could also be used as a screwdriver is an example of Answer functional fixedness Q: People engaged in analogical problem solving will try to remember similar problems they have experienced in the past and solutions that were successful. Answer true Q: Research on the way decisions are framed suggests that framing in terms of gains leads to better decision making than framing in terms of losses. Answer false Q: Several decades ago, the gap between the IQ scores of African Americans and White Americans was estimated to be about 15 IQ points. Research from 2002 suggests that in 30 years that gap closed by about ________ points. Answer 4 to 7 Q: One consequence of the large-scale use of intelligence testing in the United States was that Answer the public came to accept that intelligence tests could differentiate people in terms of socially important characteristics. Q: Studies exploring the correlations between IQ scores of individuals on the basis of their degree of genetic relationship have found that Answer identical twins reared apart show higher correlations than fraternal twins reared together. Q: You are sitting in your time machine, trying to decide what date and location to set. You want to go back to the earliest time and place that assessment was widely used. You should set the dial to send you back about ________ years to the country of ________. Answer 4,000; China Q: Due in part to the advocacy of psychologists such as Henry Goddard, it became national policy in 1924 to administer intelligence tests for the purpose of making decisions concerning the Answer suitability of immigrants. Q: A student has just about finished writing a term paper on the scientific study of intelligence and now must come up with a concluding statement. If he wants to draw a conclusion with which most psychologists would agree, he should say that Answer there is a difference of opinion about the nature of intelligence. Q: Terman explored the popular myth that gifted children have problems with social and emotional adjustment. He found Answer his sample to be better adjusted than their less gifted peers. Q: A person taking the WAIS-IV would receive a Answer Full Scale IQ and four additional scale scores. Q: Howard Gardner's concepts of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence are related to the concept of emotional intelligence, or EI. Answer true Q: A person is diagnosed as having a learning disorder when they demonstrate a large discrepancy between their achievement and measured IQ, due to such factors as low motivation or physical problems such as visual deficits. Answer false Q: Which attachment style is the result of the caregivers' inconsistent level of response to their child? Answer Resistant attachment Q: According to the Social Learning Theory, which factor influences gender identity development the most? Answer Environment Q: Infant temperament is influenced by heredity and is somewhat predictive of personality later in life. Answer True Q: The theory that development occurs in unique stages is referred to as: Answer Discontinuous Development According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, we experience how many stages of development over our lifespan? Answer 8 The gender and sexuality spectra encompass (choose all that apply): Answer *biological sex *gender presentation According to Carol Dweck's (2007) longitudinal study on mindset with middle school children, there was a steady rate of improvement across the two years observed with those students that had a: Answer Growth mindset Your more knowledgeable other (MKO) is correlated with your achievement motivation. Answer True Which of the following emotions are considered universal basic emotions? (choose all that apply) Answer *Disgust *Happiness *Surprise Mark has worked several years at the local bakery, where he has both baked and decorated cakes for various events and parties. He has recently decided to open his own business, where he plans to bake cakes for parties and weddings. Mark's confidence that he will be successful in his new business endeavor is known as: Self-Efficacy Women and men differ in their regulation of their emotions. True Many schools of thought on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are based on Lazarus' Theory. True People who see someone who appears angry are likely to _____ the angry person. avoid The effects that one's emotions have on other people refer to the ____ functions of emotions. interpersonal All of the following are functions of emotions EXCEPT rationalizing past behavior In a popular movie about the Mafia, the head of the family chastises one of his sons, Sonny, for letting other people know what he was thinking and feeling. "Never let anyone outside the family know what you are thinking," the Mafia boss says to Sonny. From an emotions perspective, the father is speaking about _________. display rules Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion? Guilt Emotions serve a cultural function. One such function is to: guide how people ought to feel in various situations The physiological reaction we feel when we experience fear is due to the activity of the ____ nervous system. Sympathetic Emotions have physiological and cognitive elements Emotions prepare us for behavior by _____ various systems such as attention, memory, and motivation. coordinating The ____ function of emotion refers to the effect of one's person's emotions on other people or on the relationships between people. interpersonal Jacinta believes that people who are military veterans are all brave, honorable, and respectable. These beliefs represent a(n) ______ that she has for veterans. attitude In order to study fear, a neuroscientist connects Natalie to an electroencephalograph (EEG) and then shows her a brief video of scary animals. These include wasps, snakes, and alligators. He then observes at Natalie shows activation in her amygdala. At which level of analysis has this scientist made his observations? physiology The fact that none of us are alone in the world - that we are all affected by others and, in turn, affect others - is the emphasis of the study of _____. social psychology What is the area of social psychology that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world? social cognition Devin is interviewing candidates to work at the cash register in his convenience store. When Margaret applies, she indicates on her application that she has been in rehab for drug addiction, and that she has been clean and sober for over 3 years. Devin decides not to hire her, because he thinks people with drug habits are not trustworthy. Devin's actions are demonstrating ______. discrimination The study of ______, which is a major topic of focus for social psychologists, examines the psychological process involved in having a sexual interest in another person. attraction Shortly after she gets to her new college, 2500 miles away from home Tomasa goes to the school's activity fair to find some groups to join. She immediately signs up to audition for two different musical clubs, which are her interest. Her desire to join these groups may help to satisfy her need to _____. belong Complementary views for assessing and understanding a phenomenon in psychology are referred to as levels of _____, and they range from the most general to the most specific. analysis Prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination: can occur independently but are related Rueben is in a biology class and the professor tells the students to find a lab partner. Rueben immediately approaches an Asian classmate because he believes that all Asian students are naturally good in math and science. Rueben's mental shortcut is an example of a(n) ______. stereotype ______ is the tendency to change one's attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm. Conformity Obedience, even when it is destructive, is more likely when: the consequences are remote. an authority figure is giving the command. there is ambiguity in the situation. The tendency to act like those around us and be influenced by what they do is called? Conformity Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. To fit in with the others and to avoid any disapproval, Hammond also begins to do the stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior? normative influence Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram? Seeing other participants refusing to press the shock levers When the instructions to continue came from another participant When the person being shocked was in the same room as the participant Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing? Descriptive norm What do we rely on in situations in which there are no clear societal norms? Descriptive norms In Asch's line study roughly _______ of participants gave at least one wrong answer. 76% Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others to an extreme level? Following orders from an authority figure The line study conducted by Asch is a prime example of what process? Normative influence Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique? Word of mouth Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called? inoculation What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness? Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors Which processing route focuses on logic and relevant material? Central Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs? Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character. Which processing route relies on heuristics? Peripheral The reason that a "foot-in-the-door" sales pitch technique works is that it takes advantage of your need to be consistent. Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert? sunk costs Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car? reciprocity Persuasion is most effective when individuals are: not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week. social proof When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an example of: reciprocity What is the most effective way to protect from being persuaded? To accept just how vulnerable we are What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness? Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called? fixed action patterns (FAPs) What is compared to a "recording" that always happens in the same way every time? Fixed action patterns Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick? door in the face The Implicit Association Task (IAT) used in research, which records participants' reaction times to categorizing objects, is measuring what type of attitude? implicit attitude Which of the following is an implicit attitude task: the task presents images of faces of men and women and then measures the time it takes the research participant to label the photo as good or bad? evaluative priming task The area of social psychological that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world is called social __________. cognition Kari visited the doctor recently who told her she needed to start eating better or she is at risk for a heart attack within the next few years. Kari is very motivated to view herself in a positive light and doesn't like the news the doctor gave her. She wonders if the doctor's tests could have been inaccurate. Kari's uncertainty over her health results from the doctor is an example of what? motivated skepticism Which of the following is the most accurate statement about affective forecasting? People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings but inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions. Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios? John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment. When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept? chameleon effect The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last. This bias is a type of: affective forecasting How is it that schemas help people save time as they have new experiences or encounter new people or objects on a daily basis? We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth less effort to assess those new encounters. People naturally use mental "shortcuts" to simplify their social world. These shortcuts are known as: heuristics the development of _______________ has provided a new level of advantage for gathering information from research participants at specific times, often randomly selected, throughout a given day. smartphones Dr. Sharma wants to study the extent to which stress is related to suicidal ideation in people who suffer from depression. She gathers information about the level of stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts a set of participants experience the day after they attend the funeral of a loved one. Because this study is assessing people under conditions that are not typical of everyday life, it is lacking in __________ validity. ecological the degree to which a study allows unambiguous casual inferences has _________. internal validity Dr. Fikshunal is interested in how our bodies respond to being excluded from a group. Therefore, she decides to monitor the heart rate and cortisol levels of participants as they engage in their environment and indicate experiences when they felt ostracized. In this scenario, Dr. Fikshunal is: studying daily physiology researchers that study the online behavior of people focus on their: virtual language behavior Dru is reading about the different types of research. If he reads, "This type of research has the primary advantage of allowing a scientist to determine cause and effect relationships," what kind of research method is he studying? a laboratory experiment Imagine that researchers were interested in learning about public support for gay marriage. If the researchers analyzed Facebook posts regarding the acceptance or rejection of homosexuality (via opinions in status updates, article posts, or groups they officially like), they would be: studying online behavior the degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied refers to: external validity what type of research highlights causality, allowing the cause to be separated from the effect? laboratory experiments it is important to design research experiments that are associated with real-world situations in order to ___________ findings to a larger population generalize Dr. Tylka is conducting research about the risk of developing eating disorders in adolescent boys. She concludes that her findings apply not only to the sample of high school boys she studied, but to other males in other settings and contexts. In this regard, Dr. Tylka is stating that her findings have high __________ validity. external ____ refers to the degree to which causal inferences can be made in the study; ____ refers to the degree that the study's findings can be applied to the larger population internal: external The ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on smaller ones is known as __________. It requires that the sample under investigation be representative of the larger population from which it was drawn generalizability When researchers take special care to include and control for every possible variable, the study is likely to have high ___________, even though the results may not generalize to a more realistic situation internal validity For Lindsey's dissertation, she has e-mails sent out to people 4 times a day for 4 weeks. In these e-mails, she asks about current emotional experiences and activities. What method is she using? experience sampling Dr. Hart is interested in the role of relationships in preventing heart disease. As her patients come into her office in Bluebell, Alabama, she asks them two questions: Are you a in a relationship? Have you experienced any heart problems in the last 8 years? Based on her findings, she concludes that relationships cause cardiovascular (heart) problems. One issue with her methodology is that the results are not generalizable. What does this mean? her results may not be true for the entire population As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples' everyday behavior (i.e., daily social interactions and activities). Therefore, you decide to use an electronically activated recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants' days as they naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are: studying daily behavior The degree to which the effect, or findings, have been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life and daily routines. ecological validity