NGR 6172 Pharmacology |Pharmacology Final Review 2020

NGR 6172 Pharmacology Pharmacology Final Review 2020 Question 1 A patient’s heart rate is found to be 72 beats per minute and regular. The nurse evaluates which situation in the patient’s peripheral nervous system? Select all that apply. 1. The sympathetic system is in control. 2. The parasympathetic system is dominating. 3. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems are influencing cardiac status. 4. The autonomic nervous system is affecting cardiac status. 5. The somatic nervous system is affecting cardiac status. Question 2 The client's calcium level is low. What will be the nurse's primary concern? 1. Seizures 2. Bone fractures 3. Hypoglycemia 4. Depression Question 3 The client receives alendronate (Fosamax) as treatment for osteoporosis. Which symptoms, caused by an adverse effect of the medication, does the nurse teach should be reported to the physician? 1. Ringing of the ears 2. Hot and dry skin 3. Vision changes and photophobia 4. Muscle spasms and facial twitching Question 4 A patient has been prescribed a bisphosphonate for treatment of osteoporosis. The nurse prioritizes teaching about immediately reporting which finding? 1. New onset thigh pain 2. Nausea 3. Headache 4. Dry, itchy skin Question 5 A patient has been prescribed an oral drug containing atropine. The nurse would hold the drug and contact the prescriber if which patient statements are made? Select all that apply. 1. “I would like to wait a few minutes to take this as I just drank some aloe juice.” 2. “Can I take this at the same time as my procainamide?” 3. “I have had a headache this morning.” 4. “I am allergic to penicillin.” 5. “My gallbladder surgery is scheduled for next week.” Question 6 The physician has ordered bethanechol (Urecholine), a cholinergic drug, for the patient with urinary retention. The patient also has an enlarged prostate gland. What is the priority action by the nurse? 1. Hold the drug and prepare to catheterize the patient. 2. Administer the drug and measure urinary output. 3. Administer the drug and push fluids. 4. Hold the drug and contact the physician. Question 7 The nurse is preparing to administer medications to a group of patients. One of the medications is atropine, an anticholinergic drug. This drug is contraindicated in which patient? 1. The patient with glaucoma 2. The patient with hyperthyroidism 3. The patient with a hiatal hernia 4. The patient with lung cancer Question 8 The patient is quadriplegic and receives oxybutynin (Ditropan), an anticholinergic drug, to increase his bladder capacity. What is an important assessment of this patient by the nurse? 1. Is he irritable? 2. Is he constipated? 3. Is he gaining weight? 4. Is he lethargic? Question 9 Which substance would inhibit the function of the autonomic nervous system? 1. Drugs that bind and then stimulate the postsynaptic neuron 2. Drugs that prohibit neurotransmitter reuptake 3. Drugs that increase neurotransmitter synthesis 4. Drugs that prevent the storage of neurotransmitter in vesicles Question 10 A patient who has myasthenia gravis (MG) presents to the emergency department with abrupt onset of increased muscle weakness and difficulty swallowing. An attempt to distinguish worsening of the MG symptoms from overdose of the patient’s prescribed anticholinergic is planned. What medications should the nurse obtain for use in this procedure? Select all that apply. 1. Donepezil (Aricept) 2. Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) 3. Neostigmine (Prostigmin) 4. Edrophonium (Edrophonium Injectable) 5. Atropine (Atropine Injectable) Question 11 The patient receives metaproterenol (Alupent), an adrenergic drug. A consulting physician orders carteolol (Cartrol), a beta blocker. What best describes the nurse's assessment? 1. The patient is at risk for a hypertensive crisis. 2. The effects of metaproterenol (Alupent) will be decreased. 3. The drugs are compatible; there will not be any adverse effects. 4. The effects of metaproterenol (Alupent) will be increased. Question 12 The physician ordered prazosin (Minipress), an alpha-adrenergic blocker, for the patient. The nurse plans to do medication education. What will the best plan of the nurse include? 1. Instruct the patient to not take OTC herbal preparations containing saw palmetto. 2. Instruct the patient to not take tub baths. 3. Instruct the patient to decrease his intake of sodium. 4. Instruct the patient to wear sunglasses when outdoors. Question 13 A nurse is providing discharge medication instruction regarding use of injectable epinephrine (EpiPen). What information should the nurse include? Select all that apply. 1. If you need to use this pen, seek medical advice as follow-up. 2. You can dispose of a used EpiPen in your regular trash. 3. Keep an extra EpiPen on hand. 4. Store this device in your refrigerator. 5. Carry an EpiPen in your car’s glovebox. Question 14 An older adult patient received an adrenergic eye drop to dilate the pupils for a retinal exam. What information should the nurse provide when discharging this patient? Select all that apply. 1. “Do not drive until the effects of the eye drops have worn off.” 2. “Wear sunglasses when in bright light.” 3. “You may be more comfortable in a darkened room.” 4. “You may experience burning in your eyes for a couple of days.” 5. “Do not eat or drink anything for at least an hour after discharge.” Question 15 The nurse would classify which sympathomimetics as binding to and activating adrenergic receptors? Select all that apply. 1. Epinephrine 2. Dopamine 3. Amphetamine 4. Cocaine 5. Ephedrine Question 16 The patient comes to the emergency department after an overdose of lorazepam (Ativan). The nurse will plan to administer which medication? 1. Pralidoxime (Protopam) 2. Naloxone (Narcan) 3. Flumazenil (Romazicon) 4. Nalmefene (Revex) Question 17 The patient is receiving zolpidem (Ambien) for treatment of short-term insomnia. What is the primary safety concern of the nurse when the patient takes this medication? 1. Dizziness and daytime sedation 2. Nausea 3. Diarrhea 4. Sleepwalking Question 18 Which common adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) would be stressed by the nurse during patient discharge? 1. Drowsiness and coma 2. Weight gain and sexual dysfunction 3. Headache and nausea 4. Dry mouth and urine retention Question 19 A parent says to the nurse, "The doctor prescribed ethosuximide (Zarontin) for my child, who has absence seizures. What does this mean?" What is the best response by the nurse? 1. "Absence seizures are basically the same kind of seizures as grand mal, but they are less frequent." 2. "Your daughter's seizures manifest as a staring into space for a few seconds. Ethosuximide (Zarontin) is a good medication for this type of seizure." 3. "Explaining the types of seizure activity is complicated. Have you spoken to your doctor about it?" 4. "Are you sure your doctor prescribed ethosuximide (Zarontin)? Phenobarbital (Luminal) is used much more frequently with children." Question 20 The nurse would be especially cautious to avoid extravasation of which drug that is commonly administered intravenously? 1. Phenobarbital (Luminal) 2. Phenytoin (Dilantin) 3. Ethosuximide (Zarontin) 4. Clonazepam (Klonopin) Question 21 The patient with schizophrenia is sitting quietly in a chair. The patient does not respond much to what is happening and has a lack of interest in the environment. How does the nurse interpret this assessment? 1. The patient is most likely very depressed. 2. The patient is most likely hearing voices. 3. The patient is experiencing positive symptoms. 4. The patient is experiencing negative symptoms. Question 22 The patient has been receiving chlorpromazine (Thorazine) for the treatment of schizophrenia. The nurse assesses that the patient has tardive dyskinesia. What findings support this conclusion? 1. Tremor, muscle rigidity, and a shuffling gait